摘要
土壤重金属污染已成为全球性环境问题，对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。为应对这一挑战，本研究系统梳理了当前土壤重金属污染修复技术的研究进展，旨在探索高效、经济且可持续的修复策略。研究综合分析了物理、化学及生物修复方法的特点与适用性，重点探讨了植物修复、微生物修复以及纳米材料辅助修复等新兴技术的优势与局限性。通过对比不同技术在实际应用中的效果，发现植物-微生物联合修复能够显著提高修复效率并降低二次污染风险，而纳米材料的应用则为强化重金属固定化提供了新思路。研究表明，结合多种修复技术的协同作用可有效克服单一技术的不足，提升修复效果。此外，本研究首次提出基于区域污染特征的“定制化”修复方案设计理念，并通过案例验证其可行性。主要贡献在于明确了各类修复技术的优化方向，提出了多技术融合的创新路径，为未来土壤重金属污染治理提供了理论支持与实践指导。研究成果强调了跨学科合作的重要性，同时呼吁加强修复技术的经济性和生态安全性评估，以推动土壤修复领域的可持续发展。
关键词：土壤重金属污染；植物-微生物联合修复；纳米材料辅助修复；多技术融合；定制化修复方案
Abstract
Soil heavy me tal pollution has become a global environmental issue, posing a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. To address this challenge, this study systematically reviews the research progress of current soil heavy me tal pollution remediation technologies, aiming to explore efficient, economical, and sustainable remediation strategies. By comprehensively analyzing the characteristics and applicability of physical, chemical, and biological remediation methods, the study focuses on the advantages and limitations of emerging technologies such as phytoremediation, microbial remediation, and nano-material-assisted remediation. Through comparing the effectiveness of different technologies in practical applications, it is found that plant-microbe combined remediation can significantly enhance remediation efficiency while reducing the risk of secondary pollution, whereas the application of nano-materials provides new insights into enhancing heavy me tal immobilization. The study demonstrates that the synergistic effects of integrating multiple remediation technologies can effectively overcome the shortcomings of single technologies, thereby improving overall remediation performance. Furthermore, this research proposes for the first time a "customized" remediation scheme design concept based on regional pollution characteristics, with its feasibility verified through case studies. The primary contributions lie in clarifying the optimization directions of various remediation technologies and proposing an innovative path for multi-technology integration, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for future soil heavy me tal pollution management. The findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and call for enhanced economic and ecological safety assessments of remediation technologies to promote sustainable development in the field of soil remediation.
Keywords：Soil Heavy me tal Pollution; Plant-Microbe Combined Remediation; Nano Material Assisted Remediation; Multi Technology Integration; Customized Remediation Solutions
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 土壤重金属污染问题的背景与意义 1
(二) 土壤重金属污染修复技术的研究现状 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 1
二、土壤重金属污染修复原理分析 2
(一) 重金属在土壤中的迁移与转化机制 2
(二) 土壤重金属污染修复的基本原理 3
(三) 不同修复技术的科学基础 3
三、主要土壤重金属污染修复技术进展 4
(一) 物理修复技术的研究进展 4
(二) 化学修复技术的研究进展 4
(三) 生物修复技术的研究进展 5
(四) 联合修复技术的应用与发展 5
四、土壤重金属污染修复技术的挑战与前景 6
(一) 技术应用中的关键问题与挑战 6
(二) 新型修复技术的研发方向 6
(三) 修复技术的经济性与可持续性分析 7
(四) 未来发展趋势与政策建议 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
