摘要
新兴污染物因其来源广泛、毒性复杂及环境持久性，已成为全球关注的环境问题。本研究以典型新兴污染物为对象，系统探讨其在水体、土壤和大气中的迁移转化规律及其生态健康风险，旨在为污染防控提供科学依据。通过实验室模拟实验与现场监测相结合的方法，结合化学分析、分子生物学和数值模拟技术，揭示了污染物在不同环境介质中的行为特征。研究发现，新兴污染物在自然环境中的迁移受多种物理化学因素共同作用，且其转化过程涉及生物降解、光化学反应及吸附解吸等机制。此外，基于风险评估模型，明确了关键污染物的风险水平及其潜在危害，并提出了针对性的管控策略。本研究的创新点在于首次建立了综合考虑多介质交互作用的污染物迁移转化模型，同时开发了高效检测与风险预警技术，为新兴污染物的精准治理提供了新思路。研究成果不仅深化了对新兴污染物环境行为的理解，还为制定相关环境政策提供了重要参考。
关键词：新兴污染物；迁移转化规律；生态健康风险；多介质交互作用；管控策略
Abstract
Emerging contaminants, characterized by their diverse sources, complex toxicity, and environmental persistence, have become a global environmental concern. This study systematically investigates the fate and transformation of representative emerging contaminants in water, soil, and air, as well as their associated ecological and health risks, aiming to provide scientific evidence for pollution control. By integrating laboratory simulation experiments with field monitoring, along with chemical analysis, molecular biology, and numerical modeling techniques, the behavior of these contaminants across different environmental media was elucidated. The findings indicate that the transport of emerging contaminants in natural environments is governed by multiple physicochemical factors, while their transformation processes involve mechanisms such as biodegradation, photochemical reactions, and adsorption/desorption. Furthermore, based on risk assessment models, the risk levels and potential hazards of key contaminants were identified, and targeted management strategies were proposed. A major innovation of this study lies in the establishment of an integrated model for contaminant migration and transformation that considers multi-media interactions for the first time, as well as the development of efficient detection and risk warning technologies, offering new insights into the precise governance of emerging contaminants. The research not only enhances the understanding of the environmental behavior of emerging contaminants but also provides critical references for the formulation of relevant environmental policies.
Keywords：Emerging Pollutants; Migration And Transformation Rules; Ecological Health Risk; Multi-Medium Interaction; Management Strategies
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 新兴污染物研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、新兴污染物的环境迁移机制 2
(一) 迁移过程的主要影响因素 2
(二) 水体中新兴污染物的迁移特征 3
(三) 土壤中新兴污染物的迁移规律 3
三、新兴污染物的转化途径与机制 4
(一) 化学转化的主要类型与条件 4
(二) 生物转化的作用与影响 4
(三) 环境因子对转化过程的影响 5
四、新兴污染物的风险评估与管控策略 5
(一) 风险评估的技术框架与方法 6
(二) 关键污染源的识别与控制 6
(三) 基于风险的管理对策与建议 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
