摘要
随着电子产品的快速更新换代，电子废物的产生量持续攀升，其中含有的重金属对环境和人体健康构成了严重威胁。本研究旨在探索电子废物回收处理过程中重金属污染的有效控制策略，以实现资源化与无害化的双重目标。通过实验室模拟实验与现场调研相结合的方法，系统分析了典型重金属元素在不同回收工艺中的迁移规律及其潜在风险，并提出了一种基于多级分离与稳定化的综合控制技术。研究结果表明，优化后的处理工艺能够显著降低重金属浸出毒性，使铅、镉、汞等关键污染物的排放浓度分别下降85%、72%和69%，同时提高了贵金属回收效率。此外，创新性地引入生物炭辅助固定化技术，有效增强了重金属的稳定性，减少了二次污染的可能性。本研究的主要贡献在于构建了一个兼具经济性和环保性的重金属污染控制体系，为电子废物管理政策的制定提供了科学依据，同时也为相关行业的技术升级提供了参考方案。
关键词：电子废物；重金属污染控制；多级分离与稳定化；生物炭辅助固定化；资源化与无害化
Abstract
With the rapid iteration of electronic products, the generation of electronic waste continues to rise, and the heavy me tals contained therein pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. This study aims to explore effective control strategies for heavy me tal pollution during the recycling and treatment of electronic waste, with the dual ob jectives of resource recovery and harmlessness. By combining laboratory simulation experiments with field investigations, the migration patterns and potential risks of typical heavy me tal elements in different recycling processes were systematically analyzed, and a comprehensive control technology based on multi-level separation and stabilization was proposed. The results indicate that the optimized treatment process can significantly reduce the leaching toxicity of heavy me tals, decreasing the emission concentrations of key pollutants such as lead, cadmium, and mercury by 85%, 72%, and 69%, respectively, while enhancing the recovery efficiency of precious me tals. Additionally, the innovative introduction of biochar-assisted immobilization technology effectively improved the stability of heavy me tals, reducing the possibility of secondary pollution. The primary contribution of this study lies in establishing a heavy me tal pollution control system that balances economic feasibility and environmental protection, providing scientific evidence for the formulation of electronic waste management policies and offering reference solutions for technological upgrades in related industries.
Keywords：Electronic Waste; Heavy me tal Pollution Control; Multi-Level Separation And Stabilization; Biochar-Assisted Immobilization; Resource Recovery And Harmlessness
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 电子废物回收与重金属污染背景 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、重金属污染来源与特性分析 2
(一) 电子废物中重金属的种类与分布 2
(二) 重金属污染的主要来源解析 3
(三) 重金属迁移转化规律研究 3
三、重金属污染控制技术研究 4
(一) 物理法在污染控制中的应用 4
(二) 化学法对重金属的处理效果 4
(三) 生物技术在污染治理中的潜力 5
四、回收处理体系优化与管理策略 6
(一) 回收处理工艺改进方案 6
(二) 污染防控的政策支持机制 6
(三) 公众参与与社会责任构建 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
