摘要
持久性有机污染物（POPs）因其高毒性、环境持久性和生物累积性，已成为全球生态环境和人类健康的重大威胁。为深入探讨POPs的环境行为及生态风险，本研究以典型POPs为目标化合物，选取多个代表性区域进行采样分析，结合实验室模拟与现场监测数据，系统评估了其迁移转化规律及潜在生态风险。研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对目标化合物进行定量分析，并通过多介质模型预测其在不同环境介质中的分布特征。结果表明，POPs在大气、水体和土壤中均表现出显著的空间异质性，其浓度水平与工业化程度密切相关；同时，部分区域的POPs含量已超过生态安全阈值，可能对非靶标生物造成不可逆影响。此外，研究首次揭示了某些新型替代化学品的环境行为特性，发现其迁移能力较传统POPs更强，提示需对其长期生态效应予以关注。本研究不仅完善了POPs环境行为的基础理论，还为制定相关污染防控策略提供了科学依据，具有重要的学术价值和实践意义。
关键词：持久性有机污染物；气相色谱-质谱联用技术；多介质模型；生态风险评估；新型替代化学品
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), characterized by their high toxicity, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation potential, have become a significant threat to global ecosystems and human health. To further investigate the environmental behavior and ecological risks of POPs, this study targeted typical POPs for analysis in multiple representative regions, combining laboratory simulations with field monitoring data to systematically evaluate their transformation and migration patterns as well as potential ecological risks. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for quantitative analysis of the target compounds, while a multi-media model was used to predict their distribution characteristics across different environmental media. The results indicated that POPs exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity in the atmosphere, water bodies, and soil, with concentration levels closely related to the degree of industrialization. Moreover, POP concentrations in some areas have exceeded ecological safety thresholds, potentially causing irreversible impacts on non-target organisms. Additionally, this study was the first to reveal the environmental behavior of certain novel alternative chemicals, finding them to possess stronger migration capabilities compared to traditional POPs, which suggests the need for attention to their long-term ecological effects. This research not only enhances the fundamental theoretical understanding of POPs' environmental behavior but also provides scientific evidence for the development of relevant pollution control strategies, demonstrating important academic and practical significance.
Keywords：Persistent Organic Pollutants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Multi-Media Model; Ecological Risk Assessment; New Alternative Chemicals
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 持久性有机污染物的研究背景 1
(二) 环境行为与生态风险评估的意义 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(四) 本文研究方法与结构安排 2
二、持久性有机污染物的环境行为分析 2
(一) 分布特征与迁移规律 2
(二) 环境介质中的转化机制 3
(三) 影响环境行为的关键因素 3
三、持久性有机污染物的生态毒性评估 4
(一) 生物累积与放大效应 4
(二) 对水生生物的毒性影响 5
(三) 对陆生生态系统的潜在危害 5
四、持久性有机污染物的风险管理对策 6
(一) 风险评估模型构建与应用 6
(二) 控制与削减的技术路径 6
(三) 政策建议与未来研究方向 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
