摘要
社会保障制度作为维护社会公平的重要工具，在经济社会发展中扮演着关键角色。本研究以社会保障制度改革为切入点，探讨其对社会公平的影响机制及实际效果，旨在为完善现行制度提供理论支持与政策建议。研究基于多维度的社会公平理论框架，结合定量分析与定性评估方法，选取我国近年来具有代表性的社会保障改革案例进行深入剖析。通过构建面板数据模型并引入公平感知指数，研究发现社会保障制度改革在缩小收入差距、提升公共服务均等化水平以及增强弱势群体保障能力方面发挥了积极作用，但地区间差异和制度碎片化问题仍需进一步优化。本研究的创新点在于将主观公平感知与客观指标相结合，全面衡量改革成效，并提出通过加强统筹协调、优化资源配置以及推进法制化进程来实现更高层次的社会公平。这一结论不仅深化了对社会保障制度功能的理解，也为相关政策制定提供了科学依据，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
关键词：社会保障制度改革；社会公平；收入差距；公平感知指数；制度碎片化
Abstract
As an essential tool for maintaining social equity, the social security system plays a critical role in economic and social development. This study takes the reform of the social security system as its entry point to explore the impact mechanisms and practical effects on social equity, aiming to provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for improving the current system. Based on a multi-dimensional theoretical fr amework of social equity, the study combines quantitative analysis with qualitative evaluation methods, selecting representative cases of recent social security reforms in China for in-depth analysis. By constructing a panel data model and introducing a fairness perception index, the research finds that the reform of the social security system has played a positive role in narrowing income disparities, enhancing the equalization level of public services, and strengthening the protection capacity for vulnerable groups. However, regional disparities and institutional fragmentation remain issues requiring further optimization. The innovation of this study lies in integrating subjective fairness perception with ob jective indicators to comprehensively measure the effectiveness of the reform, proposing to achieve higher-level social equity through enhanced coordination, optimized resource allocation, and the promotion of legal processes. This conclusion not only deepens the understanding of the functions of the social security system but also provides a scientific basis for relevant policy formulation, possessing significant theoretical value and practical implications.
Keywords：Social Security System Reform; Social Equity; Income Disparity; Fairness Perception Index; Institutional Fragmentation
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 社会保障制度改革的背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 1
二、社会保障制度的基本理论与公平原则 2
(一) 社会保障制度的核心概念 2
(二) 公平原则在社会保障中的体现 2
(三) 制度设计对社会公平的影响机制 3
三、社会保障制度改革对收入分配公平的影响分析 4
(一) 改革前后收入分配差距的变化 4
(二) 转移支付对低收入群体的作用 4
(三) 制度调整对区域间收入公平的影响 5
四、社会保障制度改革对社会公平的挑战与优化路径 5
(一) 当前改革中存在的公平性问题 5
(二) 不同群体间权益保障的差异分析 6
(三) 推进公平的社会保障制度优化建议 6
结 论 8
参考文献 9
