摘 要：随着教育改革的深入推进，培养学生自主学习能力已成为小学数学教学的重要目标。本研究以建构主义理论为指导，结合小学数学学科特点，探讨如何在课堂教学中有效提升学生的自主学习能力。通过问卷调查、课堂观察和访谈等多方法综合研究，选取某地区三所小学共400名学生作为研究对象，分析其自主学习现状及影响因素。研究发现，教师的教学方式、学生的学习兴趣以及家庭环境对自主学习能力的培养具有显著影响。基于此，本研究提出以问题驱动为核心的教学策略，强调任务设计的层次性和情境性，并构建了“引导—探究—反思”的教学模式。该模式在实验班的应用表明，能够显著提高学生的自主学习意识和能力。本研究的主要创新点在于将自主学习能力培养融入日常教学实践，提出了具体可行的操作路径，为小学数学教学提供了有益参考。
关键词：自主学习能力；建构主义理论；小学数学教学
Abstract：With the deepening of educational reform, cultivating students' self-directed learning ability has become an important goal in primary school mathematics teaching. Guided by constructivist theory and in combination with the characteristics of primary school mathematics, this study explores how to effectively enhance students' self-directed learning ability in classroom instruction. Through a multi-method approach including questionnaires, classroom observations, and interviews, 400 students from three primary schools in a certain region were selected as research subjects to analyze their current status of self-directed learning and influencing factors. The study reveals that teachers' instructional methods, students' learning interest, and family environment significantly impact the cultivation of self-directed learning ability. Based on these findings, this research proposes a teaching strategy centered on problem-driven learning, emphasizing the hierarchical and contextual design of tasks, and constructs a "guidance-inquiry-reflection" teaching model. The application of this model in experimental classes indicates that it can substantially improve students' self-directed learning awareness and ability. The main innovation of this study lies in integrating the cultivation of self-directed learning ability into daily teaching practices and proposing specific and feasible operational paths, providing valuable references for primary school mathematics instruction.
引言 1
一、小学数学自主学习能力的理论基础 1
(一)自主学习能力的概念界定 1
(二)数学学科与自主学习的关系 2
(三)理论框架与研究意义 2
二、当前小学数学教学中的问题分析 3
(一)学生自主学习现状调查 3
(二)教学模式对自主学习的影响 3
(三)传统教学中的主要障碍 4
三、培养自主学习能力的教学策略 4
(一)激发学生学习兴趣的方法 4
(二)设计以学生为中心的教学活动 5
(三)运用信息技术促进自主学习 5
四、自主学习能力培养的效果评估 6
(一)评价指标体系的构建 6
(二)实践案例与效果分析 6
(三)改进措施与优化方向 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
关键词：自主学习能力；建构主义理论；小学数学教学
Abstract：With the deepening of educational reform, cultivating students' self-directed learning ability has become an important goal in primary school mathematics teaching. Guided by constructivist theory and in combination with the characteristics of primary school mathematics, this study explores how to effectively enhance students' self-directed learning ability in classroom instruction. Through a multi-method approach including questionnaires, classroom observations, and interviews, 400 students from three primary schools in a certain region were selected as research subjects to analyze their current status of self-directed learning and influencing factors. The study reveals that teachers' instructional methods, students' learning interest, and family environment significantly impact the cultivation of self-directed learning ability. Based on these findings, this research proposes a teaching strategy centered on problem-driven learning, emphasizing the hierarchical and contextual design of tasks, and constructs a "guidance-inquiry-reflection" teaching model. The application of this model in experimental classes indicates that it can substantially improve students' self-directed learning awareness and ability. The main innovation of this study lies in integrating the cultivation of self-directed learning ability into daily teaching practices and proposing specific and feasible operational paths, providing valuable references for primary school mathematics instruction.
Keywords: Autonomous Learning Ability；Constructivism Theory；Primary School Mathematics Teaching
引言 1
一、小学数学自主学习能力的理论基础 1
(一)自主学习能力的概念界定 1
(二)数学学科与自主学习的关系 2
(三)理论框架与研究意义 2
二、当前小学数学教学中的问题分析 3
(一)学生自主学习现状调查 3
(二)教学模式对自主学习的影响 3
(三)传统教学中的主要障碍 4
三、培养自主学习能力的教学策略 4
(一)激发学生学习兴趣的方法 4
(二)设计以学生为中心的教学活动 5
(三)运用信息技术促进自主学习 5
四、自主学习能力培养的效果评估 6
(一)评价指标体系的构建 6
(二)实践案例与效果分析 6
(三)改进措施与优化方向 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
