摘 要
动物模型在人类疾病研究中扮演着至关重要的角色，其应用为揭示疾病机制、开发治疗策略提供了关键工具本研究旨在系统评估动物模型在模拟人类疾病中的作用与局限性，通过整合多学科方法，包括基因编辑技术、比较医学分析及生物信息学建模，探讨不同动物模型的适用性及其潜在偏差研究发现，尽管动物模型能够有效再现某些疾病的病理特征，但在复杂疾病（如神经退行性疾病和自身免疫病）的研究中仍存在显著差异，特别是在疾病进展模式和药物反应方面此外，本研究首次提出了一种基于跨物种数据整合的评价框架，用于量化模型与人类疾病之间的相似性和差异性这一创新方法不仅提高了模型选择的科学性，还为优化实验设计提供了理论依据综上所述，动物模型仍是不可或缺的研究工具，但需充分考虑其局限性，并结合多维度数据以提升研究结果的转化价值
关键词：动物模型；疾病机制研究；基因编辑技术
The Role and Limitations of Animal Models in Human Disease Research
ABSTRACT
Animal models play a critical role in the study of human diseases, providing essential tools for elucidating disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. This study aims to systematically evaluate the roles and limitations of animal models in simulating human diseases by integrating multidisciplinary approaches, including gene-editing technologies, comparative medical analysis, and bioinformatics modeling, to assess the suitability of various animal models and their potential biases. The findings indicate that, while animal models can effectively recapitulate certain pathological features of diseases, significant discrepancies remain in the study of complex diseases, such as neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders, particularly regarding disease progression patterns and drug responses. Furthermore, this study proposes, for the first time, an evaluation fr amework based on cross-species data integration to quantify similarities and differences between animal models and human diseases. This innovative approach not only enhances the scientific rigor of model selection but also provides a theoretical basis for optimizing experimental design. In conclusion, animal models remain indispensable research tools; however, their limitations must be carefully considered, and multi-dimensional data should be integrated to improve the translational value of research outcomes.
KEY WORDS：Animal Model；Disease Mechanism Research；Gene Editing Technology
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 动物模型研究的背景与意义 1
1.2 当前研究现状与关键问题 1
第2章 动物模型在疾病机制研究中的作用 2
2.1 模拟人类疾病的生理基础 2
2.2 揭示疾病发生发展的分子机制 2
2.3 促进新药靶点的发现与验证 3
第3章 动物模型在治疗方案开发中的应用 4
3.1 药物筛选与疗效评估的作用 4
3.2 手术与干预措施的可行性测试 4
3.3 个性化医疗研究中的潜力 5
第4章 动物模型在人类疾病研究中的局限性 6
4.1 物种差异对研究结果的影响 6
4.2 模型构建的技术挑战与限制 6
4.3 伦理争议与替代方法的探索 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
