动物医院抗生素使用情况调查与耐药性分析 -动物医学专业

摘要

随着抗生素在兽医临床中的广泛应用，耐药性问题日益凸显，对动物健康和公共卫生构成威胁。本研究旨在调查动物医院抗生素使用现状并分析其与细菌耐药性的关联，为优化抗生素管理提供科学依据。通过问卷调查和实验室检测相结合的方法，收集了全国范围内15家动物医院的用药数据，并对分离自临床样本的300株常见病原菌进行了药敏试验。结果显示，广谱抗生素在动物医院中使用频率较高，其中β-内酰胺类抗生素占比最大；同时，大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等主要病原菌对多种抗生素表现出较高的耐药率，部分菌株甚至呈现多重耐药特性。进一步分析表明，抗生素使用强度与耐药性水平存在显著正相关关系。本研究首次系统评估了我国动物医院抗生素使用模式及其对耐药性的影响，揭示了不合理用药行为的具体表现，并提出针对性干预措施，为推动兽医领域抗菌药物合理使用提供了重要参考。

关键词：抗生素使用；细菌耐药性；动物医院；药敏试验；优化管理

Investigation of Antibiotic Usage in Animal Hospitals and Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance

ABSTRACT

With the widespread application of antibiotics in veterinary clinical practice, the issue of antibiotic resistance has become increasingly prominent, posing a threat to animal health and public health. This study aimed to investigate the current status of antibiotic use in animal hospitals and analyze its association with bacterial resistance, providing scientific evidence for optimizing antibiotic management. By combining questionnaire surveys and laboratory tests, medication data were collected from 15 animal hospitals across the country, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 300 strains of common pathogens isolated from clinical samples. The results showed that broad-spectrum antibiotics were used at a high frequency in animal hospitals, with β-lactam antibiotics accounting for the largest proportion. Meanwhile, major pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exhibited high resistance rates to multiple antibiotics, and some strains even demonstrated multidrug-resistant characteristics. Further analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between the intensity of antibiotic use and the level of resistance. This study systematically evaluated the antibiotic usage patterns in animal hospitals in China and their impact on resistance for the first time, revealing specific manifestations of irrational medication practices and proposing targeted intervention measures, which provide important references for promoting the rational use of antimicrobial drugs in the veterinary field.

KEY WORDS：Antibiotic Use；Bacterial Drug Resistance；Animal Hospital；Drug Sensitivity Test；Optimized Management

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 动物医院抗生素使用背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1

第2章动物医院抗生素使用情况调查 2

2.1 抗生素使用种类与频率分析 2

2.2 使用合理性评估与问题识别 2

2.3 影响抗生素使用的因素探讨 3

第3章动物医院耐药性现状分析 4

3.1 耐药性数据收集与整理 4