摘 要
20世纪中国乡土小说作为现代文学的重要组成部分，其主题演变反映了社会变迁与文化转型的深刻影响。本研究旨在梳理乡土小说主题从萌芽到成熟的演变轨迹，并探讨其在不同历史阶段中的内涵转变及艺术表现。基于文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的研究方法，本文选取了多个代表性作家及其作品进行系统考察，揭示乡土小说主题从早期对农村苦难的关注到后期对现代化进程反思的转变过程。研究发现，乡土小说的主题经历了从“启蒙”到“批判”，再到“寻根”的三次重要转向，这一过程不仅体现了作家对乡村现实的深度思考，也折射出时代精神的动态变化。本文的创新点在于将乡土小说主题演变置于更广泛的社会文化框架中加以审视，突破了以往局限于单一文学流派或作家群体的研究局限，同时引入跨学科视角以深化对乡土叙事的理解。通过这一研究，进一步明确了乡土小说在中国现代文学史上的独特地位及其对当代创作的启示意义。
关键词：乡土小说；主题演变；社会变迁；文化转型；启蒙与批判
Abstract
The 20th-century Chinese rural fiction, as a crucial component of modern literature, reflects the profound impact of social changes and cultural transformations through its thematic evolution. This study aims to trace the developmental trajectory of rural fiction themes from their inception to maturity and to explore the shifts in their connotations and artistic ex pressions across different historical periods. By employing a research methodology that combines close textual readings with historical contextual analysis, this paper systematically examines multiple representative authors and their works, revealing the transition of rural fiction themes from an early focus on rural hardships to later reflections on the process of modernization. The findings indicate that the themes of rural fiction underwent three significant transformations—from "enlightenment" to "critique," and then to "root-seeking." This process not only demonstrates writers' deep contemplation on rural realities but also mirrors the dynamic changes in the spirit of the times. The innovation of this study lies in situating the thematic evolution of rural fiction within a broader socio-cultural fr amework, transcending the limitations of previous studies that were confined to single literary schools or groups of authors. Additionally, interdisciplinary perspectives are introduced to deepen the understanding of rural narratives. Through this research, the unique position of rural fiction in the history of modern Chinese literature and its implications for contemporary creation are further clarified.
Keywords：Native Fiction；Theme Evolution；Social Change；Cultural Transformation；Enlightenment And Criticism
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 乡土小说的起源与主题初探 2
1.1 乡土小说的历史背景分析 2
1.2 早期乡土小说的主题特征 2
1.3 民族危机下的乡土书写 3
第二章 社会变革中的主题转向 5
2.1 土地与农民的命运书写 5
2.2 阶级斗争在乡土小说中的体现 5
2.3 现代性视角下的乡土变迁 6
第三章 文化反思与主题深化 8
3.1 乡土文化的批判与重构 8
3.2 城乡对立中的身份认同 8
3.3 传统与现代的张力表现 9
第四章 当代语境下的主题演变 11
4.1 全球化背景下的乡土叙事 11
4.2 生态意识与乡土书写的融合 11
4.3 新乡土小说的主题创新 12
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
