高性能碳纤维增强复合材料的制备与性能优化
摘要
高性能碳纤维增强复合材料因其优异的力学性能、轻量化特性和耐腐蚀性，在航空航天、汽车工业和能源领域具有重要应用价值。本研究旨在通过优化制备工艺与结构设计，进一步提升碳纤维增强复合材料的综合性能。为此，采用热压成型工艺结合树脂基体改性技术，系统研究了不同纤维排列方式、基体成分及固化参数对复合材料力学性能的影响。实验中引入纳米填料以改善基体韧性，并通过扫描电镜与有限元模拟分析微观结构与应力分布特征。结果表明，优化后的复合材料拉伸强度较传统方法提高约25%，层间剪切强度提升30%以上，同时保持较低的密度。创新点在于提出了一种基于多尺度增强机制的协同优化策略，实现了材料强度与韧性的同步提升。此外，该方法显著降低了制备过程中的能耗与成本，为高性能碳纤维复合材料的实际应用提供了新思路。研究表明，通过合理调控纤维-基体界面相互作用与微观结构，可有效满足高端制造领域对高性能材料的需求。
关键词：碳纤维增强复合材料；多尺度增强机制；热压成型
Abstract
High-performance carbon fiber-reinforced composites are of great significance in aerospace, automotive industry, and energy sectors due to their excellent mechanical properties, lightweight characteristics, and corrosion resistance. This study aims to further enhance the overall performance of carbon fiber-reinforced composites by optimizing fabrication processes and structural designs. To achieve this, a hot-press molding process combined with resin matrix modification technology was employed to systematically investigate the effects of different fiber arrangements, matrix compositions, and curing parameters on the mechanical properties of the composites. Nanofillers were introduced in the experiments to improve the toughness of the matrix, while scanning electron microscopy and finite element simulations were utilized to analyze the microstructure and stress distribution features. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the optimized composites increased by approximately 25% compared to traditional methods, with an interlaminar shear strength improvement exceeding 30%, while maintaining a relatively low density. The innovation lies in proposing a synergistic optimization strategy based on multiscale reinforcement mechanisms, which simultaneously enhances material strength and toughness. Moreover, this method significantly reduces energy consumption and costs during fabrication, providing new insights into the practical application of high-performance carbon fiber composites. The study demonstrates that by appropriately regulating the fiber-matrix interface interactions and microstructural features, the demands for advanced materials in high-end manufacturing can be effectively addressed.
Keywords：Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite; Multi-Scale Enhancement Mechanism; Hot Press Forming
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
(四) 研究目的和内容 2
二、高性能碳纤维复合材料的制备工艺 2
(一) 原材料选择与特性分析 3
(二) 制备技术路线优化 3
(三) 工艺参数对性能的影响 4
三、复合材料微观结构与性能表征 4
(一) 微观结构分析方法 4
(二) 力学性能测试与评价 5
(三) 热学性能优化策略 5
四、性能优化的关键因素与改进方案 6
(一) 界面结合强度提升研究 6
(二) 多尺度增强机制探讨 7
(三) 环境耐久性优化设计 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
摘要
高性能碳纤维增强复合材料因其优异的力学性能、轻量化特性和耐腐蚀性，在航空航天、汽车工业和能源领域具有重要应用价值。本研究旨在通过优化制备工艺与结构设计，进一步提升碳纤维增强复合材料的综合性能。为此，采用热压成型工艺结合树脂基体改性技术，系统研究了不同纤维排列方式、基体成分及固化参数对复合材料力学性能的影响。实验中引入纳米填料以改善基体韧性，并通过扫描电镜与有限元模拟分析微观结构与应力分布特征。结果表明，优化后的复合材料拉伸强度较传统方法提高约25%，层间剪切强度提升30%以上，同时保持较低的密度。创新点在于提出了一种基于多尺度增强机制的协同优化策略，实现了材料强度与韧性的同步提升。此外，该方法显著降低了制备过程中的能耗与成本，为高性能碳纤维复合材料的实际应用提供了新思路。研究表明，通过合理调控纤维-基体界面相互作用与微观结构，可有效满足高端制造领域对高性能材料的需求。
关键词：碳纤维增强复合材料；多尺度增强机制；热压成型
Abstract
High-performance carbon fiber-reinforced composites are of great significance in aerospace, automotive industry, and energy sectors due to their excellent mechanical properties, lightweight characteristics, and corrosion resistance. This study aims to further enhance the overall performance of carbon fiber-reinforced composites by optimizing fabrication processes and structural designs. To achieve this, a hot-press molding process combined with resin matrix modification technology was employed to systematically investigate the effects of different fiber arrangements, matrix compositions, and curing parameters on the mechanical properties of the composites. Nanofillers were introduced in the experiments to improve the toughness of the matrix, while scanning electron microscopy and finite element simulations were utilized to analyze the microstructure and stress distribution features. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the optimized composites increased by approximately 25% compared to traditional methods, with an interlaminar shear strength improvement exceeding 30%, while maintaining a relatively low density. The innovation lies in proposing a synergistic optimization strategy based on multiscale reinforcement mechanisms, which simultaneously enhances material strength and toughness. Moreover, this method significantly reduces energy consumption and costs during fabrication, providing new insights into the practical application of high-performance carbon fiber composites. The study demonstrates that by appropriately regulating the fiber-matrix interface interactions and microstructural features, the demands for advanced materials in high-end manufacturing can be effectively addressed.
Keywords：Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite; Multi-Scale Enhancement Mechanism; Hot Press Forming
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
(四) 研究目的和内容 2
二、高性能碳纤维复合材料的制备工艺 2
(一) 原材料选择与特性分析 3
(二) 制备技术路线优化 3
(三) 工艺参数对性能的影响 4
三、复合材料微观结构与性能表征 4
(一) 微观结构分析方法 4
(二) 力学性能测试与评价 5
(三) 热学性能优化策略 5
四、性能优化的关键因素与改进方案 6
(一) 界面结合强度提升研究 6
(二) 多尺度增强机制探讨 7
(三) 环境耐久性优化设计 7
结 论 9
参考文献 10
