摘 要
中国文学中的乌托邦理想与现实批判是一个贯穿古今的重要主题，其研究背景源于文学作品对理想社会的构想与对现实问题的深刻反思。本研究旨在探讨中国文学中乌托邦理想的表达形式及其与现实批判之间的辩证关系，通过文本分析和历史语境结合的方法，选取从先秦到现当代具有代表性的文学作品进行系统梳理。研究发现，乌托邦理想不仅表现为对完美社会秩序的追求，还蕴含着对人性、自然与社会和谐统一的思考，而这种理想往往以隐喻或寓言的形式呈现，从而实现对现实的间接批判。通过对不同时期文学作品的对比分析，揭示了乌托邦理想在中国文化语境下的演变轨迹及其思想内涵的变化。本研究的创新点在于将乌托邦理想置于动态的历史进程中考察，并结合社会文化背景阐释其深层意义，为理解中国文学的思想传统提供了新的视角。研究结果表明，乌托邦理想与现实批判在文学创作中相辅相成，共同构成了中国文学的核心精神之一，这一发现对当代文学创作及社会价值观念的构建具有重要启示意义。
关键词：乌托邦理想；现实批判；文学表达；历史语境；人性与社会和谐
Abstract
The utopian ideal and critique of reality in Chinese literature is a significant theme that spans ancient and modern times, with its research background rooted in literary works' conceptualization of an ideal society and profound reflection on real-world issues. This study aims to explore the modes of ex pression of utopian ideals in Chinese literature and their dialectical relationship with critiques of reality, employing a method that combines textual analysis with historical context. By systematically examining representative literary works from pre-Qin times to the present, this research reveals that utopian ideals not only manifest as a pursuit of perfect social order but also encompass reflections on the harmonious unity of humanity, nature, and society. These ideals are often presented through me taphor or allegory, enabling indirect criticism of reality. Through comparative analysis of literary works across different periods, the evolutionary trajectory of utopian ideals within the Chinese cultural context and the changes in their ideological connotations are uncovered. The innovation of this study lies in examining utopian ideals within a dynamic historical process and interpreting their deeper meanings in conjunction with socio-cultural backgrounds, thereby offering a new perspective for understanding the intellectual traditions of Chinese literature. The results indicate that utopian ideals and critiques of reality are complementary in literary creation, jointly constituting one of the core spirits of Chinese literature. This finding holds important implications for contemporary literary creation and the construction of societal value systems.
Keywords：Utopian Ideal；Reality Criticism；Literary ex pression；Historical Context；Human Nature And Social Harmony
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 乌托邦理想的文学起源与演变 2
1.1 古代文学中的理想社会雏形 2
1.2 乌托邦思想的早期文本表现 2
1.3 理想与现实的初步张力 3
第二章 乌托邦理想的文学表达形式 4
2.1 寓言与象征的运用 4
2.2 虚构空间的构建与意义 4
2.3 理想人格的塑造与反思 5
第三章 现实批判在文学中的呈现方式 2
3.1 社会问题的文学化再现 2
3.2 批判视角下的权力结构分析 2
3.3 现实困境与人性矛盾的揭示 3
第四章 乌托邦理想与现实批判的互动关系 4
4.1 理想对现实的超越性功能 4
4.2 批判对理想的修正作用 4
4.3 理想与批判的辩证统一 5
结 论 6
参考文献 7
致 谢 8
