摘 要
曹禺作为中国现代戏剧的奠基人之一，其作品中的人物性格与命运冲突蕴含着深刻的社会历史内涵和人文价值。本研究旨在深入剖析曹禺戏剧中人物性格与命运冲突的表现形式、成因及其意义，以期为理解曹禺戏剧提供新的视角。通过对曹禺主要戏剧作品如《雷雨》《日出》《原野》等进行文本细读，结合社会历史批评方法，从时代背景出发探讨剧中人物性格形成的社会根源，分析人物性格与命运之间的内在联系。研究发现，曹禺戏剧中的人物性格复杂多面，具有鲜明的时代特征，人物命运往往受到社会环境、家庭关系以及个人选择等多重因素的影响而陷入不可调和的矛盾冲突之中。创新之处在于将人物性格与命运冲突置于特定的历史语境下考察，揭示出人物悲剧性结局背后隐藏的社会批判意识，同时关注到女性形象在男性主导叙事结构中的独特地位及其所体现的性别观念变迁。这一研究不仅有助于深化对曹禺戏剧艺术成就的认识，也为解读中国近现代文学作品提供了有益参考。
关键词：曹禺；人物性格与命运冲突；社会历史批评；性别观念变迁；悲剧性结局
Abstract
Cao Yu, as one of the founders of modern Chinese drama, imbues his works with profound social and historical significance and humanistic values through the conflicts of character and fate. This study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the forms, causes, and implications of character and fate conflicts in Cao Yu's dramas, offering a new perspective for understanding his dramatic achievements. By conducting close readings of his major works such as "Thunderstorm," "Sunrise," and "Wildfield," and employing socio-historical criticism, this research examines the social origins of character formation within their historical contexts and explores the intrinsic connections between personality and destiny. The findings reveal that the characters in Cao Yu's dramas possess complex, multifaceted personalities marked by distinct era-specific features, while their fates are often entangled in irresolvable conflicts influenced by multiple factors including social environment, family dynamics, and individual choices. An innovative aspect of this study lies in situating these conflicts within specific historical contexts to uncover the underlying social critique embedded in the tragic endings of the characters, with particular attention paid to the unique status of female figures within male-dominated narrative structures and the evolution of gender perceptions they reflect. This research not only enhances the appreciation of Cao Yu's artistic accomplishments but also provides valuable insights for interpreting modern Chinese literary works.
Keywords：Cao Yu；Character Personality And Fate Conflict；Social Historical Criticism；Gender Concept Change；Tragic Ending
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 人物性格的塑造与命运冲突 2
1.1 性格特质的刻画方式 2
1.2 性格与社会环境的互动 2
1.3 命运冲突的初步显现 3
第二章 家庭关系中的性格与命运 4
2.1 家庭结构对性格的影响 4
2.2 代际矛盾与命运走向 4
2.3 家庭伦理的束缚与抗争 5
第三章 社会背景下的性格与命运 6
3.1 时代特征对人物性格的作用 6
3.2 社会阶层与命运轨迹 6
3.3 个人选择与社会压力的对抗 2
第四章 戏剧高潮中性格与命运的碰撞 3
4.1 冲突升级的性格表现 3
4.2 命运转折的关键时刻 3
4.3 性格决定命运的最终呈现 4
结 论 5
参考文献 6
致 谢 7
