论间接正犯的认定标准与类型化分析 -法学专业

摘要

随着刑法理论的发展，间接正犯作为犯罪参与体系中的重要概念，在司法实践中面临诸多认定难题。为解决这一问题，本研究旨在构建科学合理的间接正犯认定标准并进行类型化分析。通过对国内外相关文献的系统梳理，结合我国现行刑法规定及司法解释，采用规范分析与案例研究相结合的方法，深入剖析间接正犯的本质特征及其与直接正犯、教唆犯等概念的区别。研究发现，间接正犯的核心在于行为人通过他人实现犯罪目的，且对工具性被利用者具有支配关系。据此提出以“意思支配”为核心要件的认定标准，并将其细分为基于身份地位型、基于认知错误型和基于强制命令型三种主要类型。本研究创新性地引入了“意思支配”的量化判断指标，为司法实践提供了更具操作性的指引，弥补了现有理论在具体适用中的不足，有助于统一法律适用标准，提高司法效率，维护司法公正。同时，通过对不同类型间接正犯的特征归纳，为立法完善提供了理论参考，推动我国刑法理论体系的进一步发展。

关键词：间接正犯意思支配认定标准

Abstract

With the development of criminal law theory, the concept of indirect principal offender plays an important role in the system of crime participation but faces numerous challenges in judicial practice. To address these issues, this study aims to construct a scientifically sound and reasonable standard for identifying indirect principal offenders and conduct a typological analysis. By systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international literature, and in conjunction with China’s current criminal law provisions and judicial interpretations, this research employs a combination of normative analysis and case studies to thoroughly examine the essential characteristics of indirect principal offenders and distinguish them from direct principals and instigators. The findings reveal that the core of an indirect principal offender lies in achieving criminal ob jectives through others while maintaining a dominant relationship over the instrumental party being exploited. Based on this, the study proposes a recognition standard centered on “intentional dominance” and subdivides it into three main types: identity-based, cognition error-based, and coercive command-based. Innovatively, this research introduces quantifiable indicators for assessing “intentional dominance,” providing more operational guidance for judicial practice, addressing deficiencies in the application of existing theories, and contributing to the unification of legal standards, thereby enhancing judicial efficiency and fairness. Additionally, by summarizing the features of different types of indirect principal offenders, this study offers theoretical references for legislative improvements and promotes the further development of China’s criminal law theory system.

Keyword:Indirect Principal Meaning Dominance Identification Criteria

1绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

2间接正犯的概念界定 1

2.1间接正犯的基本定义 1

2.2间接正犯与相关概念区分 2

2.3间接正犯的构成要件分析 3

3间接正犯的认定标准 3

3.1主观方面认定标准 3

3.2客观方面认定标准 4

3.3主客观相一致原则 4