农作物抗逆性基因资源的挖掘与应用 -农学专业

摘要

农作物在生长过程中面临着诸多逆境因素的影响，如干旱、盐碱、低温等，这些逆境严重制约着农作物的产量与品质。为提高农作物抗逆性，挖掘和应用抗逆性基因资源成为关键。本研究旨在从众多植物中挖掘具有优良抗逆性的基因资源并加以应用。通过生物信息学手段对已有的植物基因组数据进行筛选分析，结合实验室构建的特定逆境条件下的植物表达谱数据库，从中确定了一批潜在的抗逆性基因。同时利用分子生物学技术，如基因克隆、基因编辑等方法获取目标基因，并将其导入受体植物中。结果表明，在导入目标基因后，受体植物在模拟的逆境条件下表现出更强的抗逆性，例如在干旱环境下存活率显著提高，或在盐碱地中生长状况优于对照组。这不仅证明了所挖掘基因具有实际的抗逆功能，而且为农作物抗逆育种提供了新的基因资源。本研究创新性地整合多种技术手段挖掘抗逆性基因资源，且成功实现了基因的功能验证与初步应用，为后续深入研究农作物抗逆机制及培育优良品种奠定了坚实基础。

关键词：抗逆性基因；农作物抗逆性；生物信息学筛选

MINING AND APPLICATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES FOR CROP STRESS RESISTANCE

ABSTRACT

Crops are faced with many adverse factors in the growth process, such as drought, salinity, low temperature, etc. These adverse factors seriously restrict the yield and quality of crops. In order to improve crop stress resistance, it is crucial to mine and apply stress resistance gene resources. The aim of this study is to mine and apply the gene resources with excellent stress resistance from many plants. By means of bioinformatics, the existing plant genome data were screened and analyzed, combined with the plant ex pression profile database constructed in the laboratory under specific stress conditions, from which a number of potential stress resistance genes were identified. At the same time, molecular biology techniques such as gene cloning and gene editing are used to obtain target genes and introduce them into recipient plants. The results showed that after the introduction of the target gene, the recipient plants showed greater stress resistance under simulated stress conditions, such as significantly improved survival in arid environments or better growth than the control group in saline soil. This not only proves that the extracted genes have actual resistance function, but also provides a new gene resource for crop resistance breeding. This study innovatively integrated a variety of technical means to mine stress resistance gene resources, and successfully realized functional verification and preliminary application of genes, laying a solid foundation for further research on crop stress resistance mechanism and breeding excellent varieties.

KEY WORDS：stress resistance gene; Crop stress resistance; Bioinformatics screening

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状综述 2

第2章抗逆性基因资源的鉴定与筛选 4

2.1 抗逆性状的表型鉴定 4

2.2 关联分析与基因定位 4

2.3 候选基因的功能验证 4

第3章抗逆性基因的分子机制解析 6

3.1 基因表达调控网络 6