摘 要
《儒林外史》作为清代讽刺小说的代表作，深刻反映了当时社会的种种弊病。本研究旨在探讨《儒林外史》中的批判意识，通过文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的方法，揭示作者吴敬梓对科举制度、士人风气及社会伦理的尖锐批判。研究发现，《儒林外史》不仅揭露了科举制度下士人的精神异化和道德沦丧，更通过对不同类型人物的刻画，展现了作者对理想人格和社会秩序的思考。本文创新性地将《儒林外史》置于明清社会转型的大背景下，考察其批判意识的历史根源与现实意义，指出作品不仅是对当时社会现象的简单描述，更是对传统儒家理想的反思与重构。通过对文本中具体人物形象的分析，本文进一步揭示了作者对人性复杂性的深刻洞察，以及对社会变革的期待。
关键词：《儒林外史》 批判意识 科举制度
Abstract
As a representative work of the satirical novels of the Qing Dynasty, the Scholars deeply reflects the various ills of the society at that time. The purpose of this study is to explore the critical consciousness in The Scholars, and reveal the author Wu Jingzi's sharp criticism of the imperial examination system, scholar atmosphere and social ethics through the combination of text reading and historical context analysis. It is found that The Scholars not only reveals the spiritual alienation and moral decline of the scholars in the imperial examination system, but also shows the author's thinking on the ideal personality and social order through the depiction of different types of characters. This paper innovatively puts the Scholars under the background of the social transformation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, examines the historical root and practical significance of its critical consciousness, and points out that the work is not only a simple desc ription of the social phenomenon at that time, but also a reflection and reconstruction of the traditional Confucian ideal. Through the analysis of the specific characters in the text, this paper further reveals the author's profound insight into the complexity of human nature and the expectation of social change.
Keyword:《 The Scholars 》 Critical consciousness imperial examination system
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2研究现状 1
1.3研究方法 1
2批判意识的文学渊源 2
2.1传统士人精神的继承 2
2.2儒家思想的影响 2
2.3批判现实主义的萌芽 3
3社会批判的具体表现 4
3.1科举制度的反思 4
3.2官场腐败的揭露 4
3.3社会风气的针砭 5
4批判意识的艺术手法 6
4.1讽刺艺术的运用 6
4.2人物塑造的深度 6
4.3情节设计的匠心 7
5结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
《儒林外史》作为清代讽刺小说的代表作，深刻反映了当时社会的种种弊病。本研究旨在探讨《儒林外史》中的批判意识，通过文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的方法，揭示作者吴敬梓对科举制度、士人风气及社会伦理的尖锐批判。研究发现，《儒林外史》不仅揭露了科举制度下士人的精神异化和道德沦丧，更通过对不同类型人物的刻画，展现了作者对理想人格和社会秩序的思考。本文创新性地将《儒林外史》置于明清社会转型的大背景下，考察其批判意识的历史根源与现实意义，指出作品不仅是对当时社会现象的简单描述，更是对传统儒家理想的反思与重构。通过对文本中具体人物形象的分析，本文进一步揭示了作者对人性复杂性的深刻洞察，以及对社会变革的期待。
关键词：《儒林外史》 批判意识 科举制度
Abstract
As a representative work of the satirical novels of the Qing Dynasty, the Scholars deeply reflects the various ills of the society at that time. The purpose of this study is to explore the critical consciousness in The Scholars, and reveal the author Wu Jingzi's sharp criticism of the imperial examination system, scholar atmosphere and social ethics through the combination of text reading and historical context analysis. It is found that The Scholars not only reveals the spiritual alienation and moral decline of the scholars in the imperial examination system, but also shows the author's thinking on the ideal personality and social order through the depiction of different types of characters. This paper innovatively puts the Scholars under the background of the social transformation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, examines the historical root and practical significance of its critical consciousness, and points out that the work is not only a simple desc ription of the social phenomenon at that time, but also a reflection and reconstruction of the traditional Confucian ideal. Through the analysis of the specific characters in the text, this paper further reveals the author's profound insight into the complexity of human nature and the expectation of social change.
Keyword:《 The Scholars 》 Critical consciousness imperial examination system
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2研究现状 1
1.3研究方法 1
2批判意识的文学渊源 2
2.1传统士人精神的继承 2
2.2儒家思想的影响 2
2.3批判现实主义的萌芽 3
3社会批判的具体表现 4
3.1科举制度的反思 4
3.2官场腐败的揭露 4
3.3社会风气的针砭 5
4批判意识的艺术手法 6
4.1讽刺艺术的运用 6
4.2人物塑造的深度 6
4.3情节设计的匠心 7
5结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
