摘 要
托尔斯泰的长篇小说《复活》作为19世纪俄国文学的经典之作，深刻探讨了人性、道德与社会正义等主题，其中聂赫留朵夫这一核心人物的精神转变历程尤为引人注目。本研究以《复活》中聂赫留朵夫的人物形象及其精神复活过程为切入点，旨在揭示其复杂心理变化与道德觉醒的深层动因，并进一步探讨其对社会批判与人性救赎的启示意义。研究采用文本细读与比较分析相结合的方法，通过对原著情节、对话及心理描写的具体剖析，结合19世纪俄国社会历史背景，系统梳理聂赫留朵夫从堕落到悔悟再到行动实践的精神成长轨迹。研究发现，聂赫留朵夫的形象并非单一的道德化身，而是集罪恶与救赎、矛盾与统一于一体的多维人物，其精神复活不仅体现了个人道德重塑的过程，更折射出作者对社会不公与人类命运的深刻思考。本研究的创新点在于突破传统解读中对其“忏悔贵族”身份的简单化理解，通过挖掘其内心冲突与外部环境的交互作用，展现了精神复活的社会实践维度。
关键词：聂赫留朵夫 精神复活 道德觉醒
Abstract
Tolstoy's epic novel *Resurrection*, a classic of 19th-century Russian literature, delves deeply into themes such as human nature, morality, and social justice. The spiritual transformation of the central character, Nekhlyudov, is particularly noteworthy. This study focuses on the character of Nekhlyudov in *Resurrection* and his process of spiritual revival, aiming to uncover the deeper motivations behind his complex psychological changes and moral awakening. It further explores the implications of his critique of society and redemption of humanity. The research employs a combination of close reading and comparative analysis, analyzing specific plots, dialogues, and psychological desc riptions from the original text, while considering the historical context of 19th-century Russian society. It systematically traces Nekhlyudov's spiritual growth from his fall to his repentance and subsequent actions. The study finds that Nekhlyudov is not a single moral embodiment but a multifaceted figure who embodies both sin and redemption, contradiction and unity. His spiritual revival not only reflects the process of personal moral reconstruction but also reveals the author's profound reflections on social injustice and human destiny. The innovation of this study lies in breaking away from the simplistic understanding of his identity as a "penitent aristocrat," by exploring the interaction between his inner conflicts and external environments, thus presenting the social practice dimension of his spiritual revival.Keyword:Nehlyudov Spiritual Resurrection Moral Awakening
目 录
引言 1
1聂赫留朵夫的人物形象塑造 1
1.1初登场的形象特征 1
1.2贵族身份与内心矛盾 2
1.3罪恶意识的觉醒 2
1.4人物复杂性的体现 2
2精神复活的动因分析 3
2.1马斯洛娃的触发作用 3
2.2宗教信仰的影响 3
2.3社会现实的冲击 4
2.4内心道德的呼唤 4
3复活过程中的心理转变 5
3.1自我反思的开始 5
3.2悔罪行为的表现 5
3.3心灵挣扎的刻画 6
3.4对新生的渴望 6
4精神复活的意义与价值 7
4.1个人层面的救赎 7
4.2社会批判的功能 7
4.3道德重建的启示 8
4.4文学史上的地位 8
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
