摘 要
《死魂灵》作为俄国作家果戈理的代表作之一，以其独特的艺术手法和深刻的社会批判意义在世界文学史上占据重要地位。本研究以乞乞科夫这一核心人物形象为切入点，探讨其在作品中所体现的官僚主义讽刺主题。研究背景基于19世纪俄国社会的官僚体制弊端以及果戈理对现实问题的关注，通过分析乞乞科夫的性格特征、行为模式及其与周围人物的关系，揭示作者对当时官僚阶层虚伪、腐败和堕落本质的深刻批判。研究采用文本细读与社会历史批评相结合的方法，从文学内部结构和社会外部语境两个维度展开分析。通过对乞乞科夫形象的多维解读，本文发现其不仅是个人化的角色，更是19世纪俄国官僚文化的象征性缩影。乞乞科夫的行为逻辑反映了当时社会中普遍存在的权力滥用、金钱至上和道德沦丧现象。研究结论表明，《死魂灵》通过乞乞科夫这一复杂而生动的形象，成功地将个体命运与社会问题紧密结合，从而实现了对官僚主义的辛辣讽刺和深刻反思。
关键词：官僚主义讽刺 乞乞科夫形象 果戈理创作意图
Abstract
"The Dead Souls," as one of the representative works of Russian writer Nikolai Gogol, holds a significant place in world literature due to its unique artistic techniques and profound social critique. This study focuses on the central character, Kipchak, to explore the theme of bureaucratic satire embodied in the work. The research is grounded in the bureaucratic system's flaws in 19th-century Russian society and Gogol's concern for real-world issues. By analyzing Kipchak's personality traits, behavioral patterns, and relationships with surrounding characters, the study reveals the author's deep critique of the hypocrisy, corruption, and decadence inherent in the bureaucratic class of that time. The research employs a combination of close reading and social-historical criticism, examining both the internal structure of the text and the external social context. Through a multidimensional interpretation of Kipchak's character, this paper finds that he is not only a personalized figure but also a symbolic representation of 19th-century Russian bureaucratic culture. Kipchak's behavioral logic reflects the widespread phenomena of power abuse, money worship, and moral decay in society at the time. The conclusion of the study indicates that "The Dead Souls" successfully integrates individual fate with social issues through the complex and vivid character of Kipchak, thereby achieving a sharp satire and profound reflection on bureaucracy.Keyword:Bureaucratic Satire Gogol's Creative Intention Social Historical Criticism
目 录
引言 1
1乞乞科夫形象的塑造与意义 1
1.1乞乞科夫的角色定位 1
1.2外貌描写与性格特征 2
1.3社会身份的多重性 2
1.4形象塑造的艺术手法 3
2官僚主义的表现与讽刺手法 3
2.1官僚体系的刻画 3
2.2腐败现象的具体表现 4
2.3讽刺语言的运用 4
2.4符号化的官僚形象 4
3乞乞科夫与官僚文化的互动 5
3.1乞乞科夫的交易行为分析 5
3.2对官僚文化的适应与利用 5
3.3人性弱点的揭示 6
3.4社会关系网的构建 6
4作品主题的深化与社会批判 7
4.1死魂灵隐喻的社会意义 7
4.2官僚主义的根源探讨 7
4.3批判现实主义的精神体现 8
4.4作品对后世的影响 8
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
