农业废弃物的资源化再利用技术研究 -农学专业

摘要

农业废弃物资源化利用是推动农业可持续发展的重要途径，也是缓解环境污染和资源短缺的关键举措。本研究针对我国农业废弃物产量大、利用率低的现状，系统探讨了秸秆、畜禽粪便等主要废弃物的资源化技术路径及其应用效果。通过文献分析、实验研究和案例调查相结合的方法，重点评估了生物质能源转化、有机肥制备和基质栽培等技术的可行性与经济性。研究发现，厌氧发酵技术可将畜禽粪便转化为沼气，产气率提升15%-20%，同时减少温室气体排放；秸秆炭化制备生物炭的技术不仅提高了土壤有机质含量，还显著改善了土壤结构；基于废弃物的基质栽培技术在蔬菜种植中表现出良好的经济效益，产量提高10%-12%。研究创新性地提出了区域协同处理模式，通过整合不同废弃物处理技术，实现了资源利用效率的最大化。以山东省为例，该模式使农业废弃物综合利用率从65%提升至85%，年经济效益增加约2.3亿元。

关键词：农业废弃物；资源化利用；生物质能源；区域协同处理

RESEARCH ON UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE RESOURCES

ABSTRACT

The utilization of agricultural waste resources is an important way to promote the sustainable development of agriculture, and also a key measure to alleviate environmental pollution and resource shortage. In view of the current situation of large output and low utilization rate of agricultural waste in China, this study systematically discussed the technical path and application effect of recycling main waste such as straw, livestock and poultry manure. Through literature analysis, experimental research and case investigation, the feasibility and economy of biomass energy conversion, organic fertilizer preparation and substrate cultivation were evaluated. The study found that anaerobic fermentation technology can convert livestock manure into biogas, increase gas production rate by 15%-20%, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the same time. The technology of straw carbonization to produce biochar not only increased the content of soil organic matter, but also significantly improved the soil structure. The waste based substrate culture technology has shown good economic benefits in vegetable cultivation, and the yield has increased by 10%-12%. The research innovatively proposes a regional collaborative treatment model, which can maximize the efficiency of resource utilization by integrating different waste treatment technologies. In Shandong Province, for example, the model has increased the comprehensive utilization rate of agricultural waste from 65% to 85%, and the annual economic benefit has increased by about 230 million yuan.

KEY WORDS：Agricultural waste; Resource utilization; Biomass energy; Regional cooperative processing

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 农业废弃物资源化利用的研究意义 2

第2章农业废弃物资源化利用技术分类与应用 3

2.1 生物质能源转化技术 3

2.2 有机肥料生产技术 3

2.3 饲料化与材料化利用技术 4

第3章农业废弃物资源化利用的挑战与对策 6

3.1 技术推广的经济性分析 6