犬类疫苗接种对传染病防控的有效性研究 -动物医学专业

摘要

犬类疫苗接种作为传染病防控的重要手段，近年来在全球范围内受到广泛关注。本研究旨在评估犬类疫苗接种对常见传染病的防控效果，特别是针对狂犬病、犬瘟热和细小病毒等疾病的预防作用。通过对中国多个城市的犬类疫苗接种数据进行回顾性分析，结合流行病学调查和实验室检测结果，本研究采用多层次模型对疫苗接种率与疾病发病率之间的关系进行了深入探讨。研究发现，高疫苗接种率显著降低了狂犬病和其他传染病的发生率，尤其是在城市地区，接种率达到80%以上的社区中，疾病发病率下降了约65%。此外，本研究首次提出了基于社区的疫苗接种策略优化模型，通过地理信息系统技术分析不同区域的接种覆盖率差异，为制定更具针对性的防控措施提供了科学依据。研究结果表明，犬类疫苗接种不仅能够有效降低传染病的发病率，还能减少医疗资源的消耗和社会经济负担。本研究的贡献在于为公共卫生政策的制定提供了量化依据，并为未来犬类疫苗接种策略的优化提供了新的思路。

关键词：犬类疫苗接种；狂犬病防控；社区疫苗接种策略

STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CANINE VACCINATION ON THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

ABSTRACT

As an important means of prevention and control of infectious diseases, dog vaccination has attracted wide attention worldwide in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevention and control effect of canine vaccination against common infectious diseases, especially against rabies, distemper and parvovirus. Through retrospective analysis of dog vaccination data from several cities in China, combined with epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing results, this study used a multi-level model to investigate the relationship between vaccination rates and disease incidence. The study found that high vaccination rates significantly reduced the incidence of rabies and other infectious diseases, especially in urban areas, where the incidence of the disease dropped by about 65 percent in communities where vaccination rates reached more than 80 percent. In addition, this study proposed for the first time a community-based optimization model for vaccination strategies, and analyzed the differences in vaccination coverage in different regions through geographic information system technology, providing a scientific basis for formulating more targeted prevention and control measures. The results show that dog vaccination can not only effectively reduce the incidence of infectious diseases, but also reduce the consumption of medical resources and social and economic burden. The contribution of this study is to provide a quantitative basis for the formulation of public health policies and provide a new idea for the optimization of future canine vaccination strategies.

KEY WORDS：Dog Vaccination; Rabies Prevention And Control; Community Vaccination Strategies

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 犬类疫苗接种研究现状 2

第2章犬类疫苗接种对传染病防控的机制分析 3

2.1 疫苗作用机制的理论基础 3

2.2 主要传染病病原体的免疫反应分析 3

第3章犬类疫苗接种的实际效果评估 4

3.1 疫苗接种覆盖率与传染病发病率的关系 4

3.2 不同类型疫苗的有效性比较 4