犬类心血管疾病的多因素风险评估 -动物医学专业

摘要

犬类心血管疾病是影响宠物犬健康的主要问题之一，其发病率逐年上升，已成为兽医学领域的重要研究课题。本研究旨在通过多因素风险评估模型，系统分析犬类心血管疾病的潜在风险因素，并探讨其相互作用机制。研究采用横断面调查与纵向随访相结合的方法，收集了来自中国多个地区的1200只犬的临床数据，涵盖遗传、环境、饮食及生活方式等多个维度。通过多元回归分析和结构方程模型，识别出年龄、品种、体重指数、运动量及饮食结构等为主要风险因素。结果显示，老年犬和特定品种患病风险显著增加，而高脂肪饮食和缺乏运动则是重要的可调控危险因素。此外，研究发现遗传因素在疾病发生中起到关键作用，提示早期基因筛查的重要性。本研究首次在中国犬类群体中建立了多因素风险评估模型，为临床预防和干预提供了科学依据。该模型的创新之处在于整合了遗传与环境因素的交互作用，为未来个性化治疗策略的制定奠定了基础。结论表明，通过合理的生活方式调整和早期基因筛查，可以有效降低犬类心血管疾病的发病率，提升宠物犬的整体健康水平。

关键词：犬类心血管疾病；多因素风险评估模型；遗传因素；环境因素

MULTIVARIATE RISK ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN DOGS

ABSTRACT

Canine cardiovascular disease is one of the main problems affecting the health of pet dogs, and its incidence increases year by year, which has become an important research topic in the field of veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the potential risk factors of cardiovascular disease in dogs through a multi-factor risk assessment model and explore their interaction mechanisms. The study used a combination of cross-sectional investigation and longitudinal follow-up to collect clinical data on 1200 dogs from various regions in China, covering multiple dimensions such as genetics, environment, diet and lifestyle. Through multiple regression analysis and structural equation model, age, breed, body mass index, exercise amount and diet structure were identified as the main risk factors. The results showed a significant increase in risk in older dogs and certain breeds, while a high-fat diet and lack of exercise were important controllable risk factors. In addition, the study found that genetic factors play a key role in the development of the disease, suggesting the importance of early genetic screening. This study established a multi-factor risk assessment model in Chinese dog population for the first time, providing a scientific basis for clinical prevention and intervention. The innovation of this model is the integration of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, which lays the foundation for the development of personalized treatment strategies in the future. The conclusion shows that reasonable lifestyle adjustment and early genetic screening can effectively reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in dogs and improve the overall health of pet dogs.

KEY WORDS：Canine Cardiovascular Disease; Multi-Factor Risk Assessment Model; Genetic Factors; Environmental Factor

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 犬类心血管疾病的多因素风险评估背景与意义 2

1.2 犬类心血管疾病多因素风险评估的研究现状 2

第2章犬类心血管疾病的遗传与环境风险因素分析 4

2.1 遗传因素对犬类心血管疾病的影响 4

2.2 环境因素对犬类心血管疾病的作用机制 4

2.3 遗传与环境因素的交互作用分析 5

第3章犬类心血管疾病的临床症状与诊断方法评估 6

3.1 犬类心血管疾病的常见临床表现 6