农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术进展

农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术进展

摘  要
随着工业化和城市化进程的加快，农田土壤重金属污染问题日益严重，已成为全球农业可持续发展的重大挑战。本研究旨在系统评估中国农田土壤重金属污染现状，并探讨有效的修复技术。通过对全国范围内典型污染区域的土壤样品进行采集与分析，结合多源数据的综合分析方法，揭示了镉、铅、汞等重金属元素在不同区域的空间分布特征及其污染程度。研究发现，部分地区的重金属含量已超过国家土壤环境质量标准，尤其在矿区周边和工业发达地区，污染问题尤为突出。基于此，本研究提出了多种修复技术的综合应用策略，包括植物修复、微生物修复及化学固定等方法的优化组合。其中，植物修复技术因其环境友好性和长期效益受到广泛关注，特别是超富集植物的应用在某些区域取得了显著效果。

关键词：农田土壤；重金属污染；修复技术


CURRENT SITUATION OF HEAVY me taL POLLUTION IN FARMLAND SOIL AND THE PROGRESS OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of heavy me tal pollution in farmland soil has become increasingly serious, which has become a major challenge to the sustainable development of global agriculture. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the current situation of heavy me tal pollution in farmland in China and explore effective remediation techniques. By collecting and analyzing soil samples from typical contaminated areas across the country, and combining with the comprehensive analysis method of multi-source data, the spatial distribution characteristics and pollution degree of heavy me tal elements such as cadmium, lead and mercury in different regions were revealed. The study found that the content of heavy me tals in some areas has exceeded the national soil environmental quality standards, especially in the surrounding mining areas and industrial developed areas, and the pollution problem is particularly prominent. Based on this, this study proposes a comprehensive application strategy of various remediation techniques, including an optimized combination of phytoremediation, microbial remediation and chemical fixation. Among them, phytoremediation technology has attracted wide attention due to its environmental friendliness and long-term benefits, especially the application of super-enriched plants has achieved significant results in some areas.

KEY WORDS：Farmland soil; heavy me tal pollution; remediation technology


目  录
摘  要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究现状 1
第2章 农田土壤重金属污染现状分析 2
2.1 农田土壤重金属污染的主要来源 2
2.2 典型区域农田土壤重金属污染特征 2
2.3 农田土壤重金属污染对农业生产的影响 3
第3章 农田土壤重金属污染修复技术进展 4
3.1 物理修复技术在农田土壤中的应用现状 4
3.2 化学修复技术在农田土壤中的应用进展 4
3.3 生物修复技术在农田土壤中的应用前景 4
3.4 综合修复技术的优化与实践案例分析 5
第4章 结论 6
参考文献 7
致  谢 8