摘 要
随着全球气候变化的加剧，干旱已成为影响农作物生长和产量的主要非生物胁迫之一。本研究旨在探讨植物抗旱性状的分子机理及其在育种中的应用，以期培育出具有更强抗旱能力的作物品种。这些分子层面的深入理解为抗旱性状的改良提供了理论基础。在育种应用方面，本文系统地介绍了传统育种方法、分子标记辅助选择和基因编辑技术。特别指出，分子标记辅助选择和基因编辑技术的发展为抗旱性状的定向改良提供了新的途径。同时，强调了综合育种策略的重要性，包括多性状综合育种、抗旱性状与产量性状的平衡，以及抗旱育种的可持续发展。最后，本文展望了抗旱性状研究的未来方向，包括多组学整合分析、抗旱性状与气候变化的适应性研究，以及系统生物学研究方法的应用。这些研究方向将有助于全面理解植物抗旱机制，为作物抗旱育种提供更为精准和高效的技术手段。
关键词：植物抗旱性状；分子机理；育种技术
RESEARCH ON MOLECULAR MECHANISM AND BREEDING APPLICATION OF DROUGHT RESISTANCE TRAITS IN CROPS
ABSTRACT
With the intensification of global climate change, drought has become one of the major abiotic stresses affecting crop growth and yield. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of drought-resistant traits in plants and its application in breeding, in order to breed more drought-resistant crop varieties. These in-depth understanding at the molecular level provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of drought resistance traits. In terms of breeding application, the traditional breeding methods, molecular marker-assisted selection and gene editing techniques were systematically introduced in this paper. In particular, it is pointed out that the development of molecular marker-assisted selection and gene editing technology provides a new way for the targeted improvement of drought resistance traits. At the same time, the importance of comprehensive breeding strategy was emphasized, including multi-trait comprehensive breeding, balance between drought tolerance and yield, and sustainable development of drought tolerance breeding. Finally, the future direction of drought resistance traits research is prospected, including multi-omics integration analysis, adaptation of drought resistance traits to climate change, and application of systems biology research methods. These research directions will help to fully understand the mechanism of plant drought resistance and provide more accurate and efficient technical means for crop drought resistance breeding.
KEY WORDS：Plant drought resistance traits; Molecular mechanism; Breeding technique
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.3 研究目的 2
第2章 抗旱性状概述 3
2.1 抗旱性状的定义与分类 3
2.2 抗旱性状的生理基础 3
2.3 抗旱性状的遗传特性 3
第3章 抗旱性状的分子机理 5
3.1 信号转导途径 5
3.2 基因表达调控 5
3.3 蛋白质功能与调控 5
3.4 代谢途径与能量平衡 6
第4章 抗旱性状的育种应用 7
4.1 传统育种方法 7
4.2 分子标记辅助选择 7
4.3 基因编辑技术 7
4.4 综合育种策略 8
第5章 抗旱性状研究的未来方向 9
5.1 抗旱性状的多组学整合分析 9
5.2 抗旱性状与气候变化的适应性研究 9
5.3 抗旱性状的系统生物学研究方法 10
5.4 抗旱性状的精准育种技术发展 10
第6章 结论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
