苹果主要病虫害防治存在的问题及其对策
摘 要
随着全球气候变化及农业生产方式的转变，苹果病虫害问题日益凸显，对苹果产业的稳定发展构成了严重威胁。传统防治手段主要依赖化学农药，不仅导致害虫抗药性增强、农药残留超标，还破坏了生态平衡，影响了苹果的品质与市场竞争力。本文围绕苹果主要病虫害防治展开研究，首先概述了病虫害的基础知识、防治原理及可持续植保理念，为后续分析奠定了理论基础。接着，从病虫害监测预警体系、防治技术、防治策略及农民防治意识与技术水平四个方面，深入剖析了当前苹果病虫害防治中存在的问题。针对这些问题，本文提出了完善监测预警体系、推广多元化防治技术、制定系统性与针对性防治策略以及提高农民防治意识与技术水平等对策。
关键词：苹果病虫害；防治技术；专业技术培训
MAIN PROBLEMS OF APPLE PEST CONTROL AND ITS COUNTERMEASURES
ABSTRACT
With the global climate change and the change of agricultural production mode, the problem of apple pests and diseases has become increasingly prominent, posing a serious threat to the stable development of the apple industry. Traditional prevention and control methods mainly rely on chemical pesticides, which not only lead to the enhanced drug resistance of pests and excessive pesticide residues, but also destroy the ecological balance and affect the quality and market competitiveness of apples. This paper focuses on the control of main apple pests and diseases. First, it summarized the basic knowledge of pests and diseases, control principles and sustainable plant protection concepts, and laid a theoretical foundation for subsequent analysis. Then, from the four aspects of disease and pest monitoring and early warning system, prevention and control technology, control strategy and farmer awareness and technical level, the problems in current apple pest control are deeply analyzed. In view of these problems, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as improving the monitoring and early warning system, popularizing diversified prevention and control technologies, formulating systematic and targeted prevention and control strategies, and improving the farmers' awareness and technical level of prevention and control.
KEY WORDS：Apple disease and insect pests; control technology; professional technical training
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关理论概述 3
2.1 苹果病虫害基础知识 3
2.2 病虫害防治原理 3
第3章 苹果病虫害防治的重要性 5
3.1 保障苹果产量稳定 5
3.2 提升苹果品质与市场竞争力 5
第4章 苹果主要病虫害防治存在的问题 6
4.1 病虫害监测预警体系不完善 6
4.2 防治技术单一且依赖化学农药 6
4.3 防治策略缺乏系统性与针对性 6
4.4 农民防治意识与技术水平有待提高 7
第5章 苹果主要病虫害防治对策 8
5.1 完善病虫害监测预警体系 8
5.2 推广多元化防治技术 8
5.3 制定系统性与针对性防治策略 9
5.4 提高农民防治意识与技术水平 9
第6章 结论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
摘 要
随着全球气候变化及农业生产方式的转变，苹果病虫害问题日益凸显，对苹果产业的稳定发展构成了严重威胁。传统防治手段主要依赖化学农药，不仅导致害虫抗药性增强、农药残留超标，还破坏了生态平衡，影响了苹果的品质与市场竞争力。本文围绕苹果主要病虫害防治展开研究，首先概述了病虫害的基础知识、防治原理及可持续植保理念，为后续分析奠定了理论基础。接着，从病虫害监测预警体系、防治技术、防治策略及农民防治意识与技术水平四个方面，深入剖析了当前苹果病虫害防治中存在的问题。针对这些问题，本文提出了完善监测预警体系、推广多元化防治技术、制定系统性与针对性防治策略以及提高农民防治意识与技术水平等对策。
关键词：苹果病虫害；防治技术；专业技术培训
MAIN PROBLEMS OF APPLE PEST CONTROL AND ITS COUNTERMEASURES
ABSTRACT
With the global climate change and the change of agricultural production mode, the problem of apple pests and diseases has become increasingly prominent, posing a serious threat to the stable development of the apple industry. Traditional prevention and control methods mainly rely on chemical pesticides, which not only lead to the enhanced drug resistance of pests and excessive pesticide residues, but also destroy the ecological balance and affect the quality and market competitiveness of apples. This paper focuses on the control of main apple pests and diseases. First, it summarized the basic knowledge of pests and diseases, control principles and sustainable plant protection concepts, and laid a theoretical foundation for subsequent analysis. Then, from the four aspects of disease and pest monitoring and early warning system, prevention and control technology, control strategy and farmer awareness and technical level, the problems in current apple pest control are deeply analyzed. In view of these problems, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as improving the monitoring and early warning system, popularizing diversified prevention and control technologies, formulating systematic and targeted prevention and control strategies, and improving the farmers' awareness and technical level of prevention and control.
KEY WORDS：Apple disease and insect pests; control technology; professional technical training
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关理论概述 3
2.1 苹果病虫害基础知识 3
2.2 病虫害防治原理 3
第3章 苹果病虫害防治的重要性 5
3.1 保障苹果产量稳定 5
3.2 提升苹果品质与市场竞争力 5
第4章 苹果主要病虫害防治存在的问题 6
4.1 病虫害监测预警体系不完善 6
4.2 防治技术单一且依赖化学农药 6
4.3 防治策略缺乏系统性与针对性 6
4.4 农民防治意识与技术水平有待提高 7
第5章 苹果主要病虫害防治对策 8
5.1 完善病虫害监测预警体系 8
5.2 推广多元化防治技术 8
5.3 制定系统性与针对性防治策略 9
5.4 提高农民防治意识与技术水平 9
第6章 结论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
