摘 要
本文综述了下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的相关概述，包括其定义、病理过程、形成机制、临床表现以及长期卧床患者面临的护理难点与预防护理措施。下肢深静脉血栓是血液在下肢深静脉内异常凝结形成的疾病，其病理过程涉及静脉壁损伤、血流缓慢和血液高凝状态三大核心机制。临床表现上，患者常出现局部疼痛、静脉曲张及局部皮肤温度升高等症状。对于长期卧床患者而言，下肢深静脉血栓的护理面临诸多难点，如患者配合度低，表现为缺乏运动意愿和忽视医嘱；同时，患者并发症风险高，静脉穿刺困难，以及心理压力大等问题也显著增加了护理难度。针对这些难点，本文提出了相应的预防护理措施，包括通过心理疏导提高患者依从性，制定个性化运动计划促进康复，定期随访监测病情变化，以及提高护理人员穿刺技能减少操作难度。此外，心理护理对于缓解患者心理压力、增强治疗信心同样至关重要。综上所述，希望通过本文的研究，能够为长期卧床患者下肢深静脉血栓的预防与护理提供科学指导和参考。
关键词：长期卧床；静脉血栓；预防护理
Abstract
This paper reviews an overview of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), including its definition, pathological process, formation mechanism, clinical manifestations, and nursing difficulties and preventive care measures for long-term bedridden patients. Deep vein thrombosis is a disease formed by abnormal clotting of blood in the deep veins of the lower limbs. Its pathological process involves three core mechanisms: venous wall injury, slow blood flow and hypercoagulability of blood. Clinically, patients often appear local pain, varicose veins and local skin temperature rise and other symptoms. For long-term bedridden patients, the care of lower limb DVT faces many difficulties, such as low coordination, lack of exercise intention and neglect of medical advice; at the same time, the high risk of complications, difficulty in venipuncture, and psychological pressure also significantly increase the difficulty of nursing. In view of these difficulties, this paper proposes corresponding preventive nursing measures, including improving patient compliance through psychological counseling, developing personalized exercise plan to promote rehabilitation, regular follow-up monitoring of condition changes, and improving the puncture skills of nursing staff to reduce the difficulty of operation. In addition, psychological nursing is also crucial to relieve patients' psychological pressure and enhance treatment confidence. In conclusion, it is hoped that the study in this paper can provide scientific guidance and reference for the prevention and care of lower DVT in patients with long-term bed rest.
Key words: Long-term bed rest; Venous thrombosis; Preventive care
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目 录 III
引 言 1
第1章、下肢深静脉血栓相关概述 1
1.1、下肢深静脉血栓的定义 1
1.2、下肢深静脉血栓的病理过程 1
第2章、下肢深静脉血栓的临床表现 1
2.1、局部疼痛 1
2.2、静脉曲张 1
2.3、局部皮肤温度升高 1
第3章、长期卧床患者下肢深静脉血栓的护理难点 1
3.1、患者配合度低 1
3.2、并发症风险高 1
3.3、静脉穿刺困难 2
3.4、心理压力大 2
第4章、长期卧床患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防护理措施 3
4.1、心理疏导 3
4.2、密切观察病情变化 3
4.3、提高穿刺技能 4
4.4、心理护理 4
结 论 5
参考文献 6
