摘要
本文首先综述了城市化过程中出现的生态环境问题，包括水资源污染与短缺、空气污染与气候变化加剧、垃圾处理与土地污染问题严重，以及生物多样性丧失和生态系统破坏等。这些问题不仅损害了城市的生态环境质量，也对城市居民的生活质量和社会经济发展产生了负面影响。本文深入剖析了这些生态环境问题产生的深层原因。不合理的城市规划与布局导致城市绿地减少，生态环境受到破坏；产业结构与能源结构问题加剧了环境污染和能源消耗；城市化进程中的人口与资源压力使得生态环境承受了巨大的压力；而法律法规与管理制度的缺失则使得生态环境问题得不到有效的治理。针对这些问题，本文提出了一系列治理策略。首先，完善城市规划与布局，推广生态城市规划理念，优化城市空间布局与生态功能，提高城市的生态环境质量。其次，调整产业结构与能源结构，发展循环经济，推动绿色产业发展，推广清洁能源，减少污染排放，降低能源消耗。再次，强化资源节约与循环利用，提高资源利用效率，减少浪费，加强废弃物的资源化利用与无害化处理，减轻环境压力。最后，加强生态环境保护法律法规建设，完善生态环境保护法律法规体系，提高法律法规的执行力度与效果，为生态环境的保护提供法律保障。
关键词：城市化；生态环境问题；治理策略；城市规划；资源节约；法律法规
Abstract
This paper first summarizes the ecological and environmental problems in the process of urbanization, including water pollution and shortage, air pollution and climate change, garbage disposal and land pollution, biodiversity loss and ecosystem destruction. These problems not only damage the ecological environment quality of the city, but also have a negative impact on the quality of life of urban residents and social and economic development. This paper deeply analyzes the deep causes of these ecological and environmental problems. The unreasonable urban planning and layout leads to the reduction of urban green space and the destruction of ecological environment. The problems of industrial structure and energy structure aggravate environmental pollution and energy consumption; The pressure of population and resources in the process of urbanization makes the ecological environment bear great pressure; The lack of laws and regulations and management system makes the ecological environment problem can not be effectively managed. To solve these problems, this paper puts forward a series of governance strategies. First, improve urban planning and layout, promote the concept of ecological city planning, optimize urban spatial layout and ecological functions, and improve the quality of urban ecological environment. Secondly, adjust the industrial structure and energy structure, develop circular economy, promote the development of green industries, promote clean energy, reduce pollution emissions, and reduce energy consumption. Thirdly, strengthen resource conservation and recycling, improve resource utilization efficiency, reduce waste, strengthen resource utilization and harmless treatment of waste, and reduce environmental pressure. Finally, strengthen the construction of ecological environmental protection laws and regulations, improve the system of ecological environmental protection laws and regulations, improve the implementation of laws and regulations and provide legal guarantee for the protection of ecological environment.
Keywords： Urbanization; Ecological environment problems; Governance strategy; Urban planning; Resource conservation; Laws and regulations
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景 1
（二）研究目的及意义 1
二、城市化进程中的生态环境问题 2
（一）水资源污染与短缺 2
（二）空气污染与气候变化 2
（三）垃圾处理与土地污染 3
（四）生物多样性丧失与生态系统破坏 3
三、生态环境问题的深层原因 4
（一）城市规划与布局的不合理 4
（二）产业结构与能源结构问题 4
（三）城市化进程中的人口与资源压力 4
（四）法律法规与管理制度的缺失 5
四、生态环境问题的治理策略 6
（一）完善城市规划与布局 6
（二）调整产业结构与能源结构 6
（三）强化资源节约与循环利用 7
（四）加强生态环境保护法律法规建设 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
