摘 要
随着我国法治建设的不断推进，公民对法律公正性的要求日益提高。正当防卫作为刑法领域的一个重要制度，旨在保障公民在面临不法侵害时的合法权益。然而，在实际司法实践中，正当防卫的认定与适用往往存在争议，导致部分案件处理结果引发社会广泛关注。因此，本文围绕我国刑法中正当防卫的认定与适用展开研究，首先概述了正当防卫的概念、性质及立法目的，随后详细分析了正当防卫的构成要件与判定标准。通过对司法实践中正当防卫案例的梳理，本文揭示了正当防卫认定与适用中存在的问题，并提出了相应的改进建议。本研究旨在明确正当防卫的适用范围和界限，减少司法实践中的争议，为公民提供更为明确的法律指引。
关键词：正当防卫 认定标准 司法实践
Abstract
With the continuous development of the construction of the rule of law in our country, the citizen's demand for legal justice is increasing day by day. As an important system in the field of criminal law, justifiable defense aims to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens in the face of illegal infringement. However, in the actual judicial practice, the identification and application of justifiable defense are often controversial, resulting in the results of some cases causing widespread concern in the society. Therefore, this paper focuses on the identification and application of justifiable defense in China's criminal law. Firstly, it Outlines the concept, nature and legislative purpose of justifiable defense, and then analyzes the constituent elements and judgment criteria of justifiable defense in detail. Through combing the cases of justifiable defense in judicial practice, this paper reveals the problems existing in the identification and application of justifiable defense, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. The purpose of this study is to clarify the scope and limits of application of justifiable defense, reduce disputes in judicial practice, and provide more explicit legal guidance for citizens.
Keyword:Self-defense Identification criteria Judicial practice
目 录
1引言 1
2正当防卫的概述与理论基础 1
2.1正当防卫的概念与目的 1
2.2正当防卫的构成要件与判定标准 2
3我国刑法中正当防卫的认定标准 3
3.1正当防卫的时机与必要性认定 3
3.2正当防卫的限度与合理性判断 3
3.3正当防卫的特殊情况与认定难点 4
4正当防卫认定与适用中的常见问题 4
4.1事实认定中的模糊性与主观性偏差 4
4.2正当防卫与防卫过当的界限模糊 5
4.3紧急避险与正当防卫的混淆问题 5
4.4正当防卫在新型犯罪中的适用难题 6
5正当防卫认定与适用常见问题的改进建议 6
5.1明确事实认定的标准与程序，减少模糊性与主观性偏差 6
5.2清晰界定正当防卫与防卫过当的界限 7
5.3区分紧急避险与正当防卫，避免混淆 7
5.4探索正当防卫在新型犯罪中的适用路径 8
6结论 8
参考文献 9
致谢 10
