复杂结构件的多轴数控加工技术研究
摘 要
随着现代制造业对复杂结构件精度与效率要求的不断提高，多轴数控加工技术已成为解决这一问题的关键手段。本研究聚焦于复杂结构件的多轴数控加工技术，旨在通过优化加工路径、刀具选择及工艺参数，提升加工效率与精度。研究首先分析了复杂结构件的几何特征及其加工难点，结合国内外相关技术发展现状，提出了基于五轴联动数控机床的加工方案。通过数值模拟与实验验证相结合的方法，系统研究了不同切削参数对加工表面质量、刀具寿命及加工时间的影响。结果表明，采用优化的刀具路径规划和自适应切削参数控制策略，能够显著减少加工误差并提高生产效率。特别是在航空航天领域的高精度零件加工中，该方法有效解决了传统三轴加工难以应对的复杂曲面问题。
关键词：多轴数控加工；复杂结构件；加工路径
RESEARCH ON MULTI-AXIS CNC MACHINING TECHNOLOGY OF COMPLEX STRUCTURAL PARTS
ABSTRACT
With the continuous improvement of the precision and efficiency of complex manufacturing industry, multi-axis CNC machining technology has become the key means to solve this problem. This study focuses on the multi-axis CNC machining technology of complex structural parts, aiming to improve the machining efficiency and precision by optimizing the machining path, tool selection and process parameters. The paper first analyzes the geometric characteristics of complex structural parts and their processing difficulties, combined with the development status of relevant technologies at home and abroad, and puts forward the five-axis linkage CNC machine tool. The effects of different cutting parameters on the machining surface quality, tool life and machining time are studied by combining numerical simulation and experimental verification. The results show that the optimized tool path planning and adaptive cutting parameter control strategy can significantly reduce machining error and improve production efficiency. Especially in the high-precision parts machining in the field of aerospace, this method effectively solves the complex curved surface problem which is difficult to deal with in the traditional three-axis machining.
KEY WORDS：Multi-axis CNC machining; complex structural parts; machining path
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 复杂结构件的多轴数控加工理论基础 2
2.1 多轴数控加工的基本原理 2
2.2 复杂结构件的加工特点分析 2
2.3 多轴加工技术的发展现状 3
第3章 复杂结构件的多轴数控加工工艺优化 4
3.1 加工路径规划与优化策略 4
3.2 切削参数的智能选择方法 4
3.3 加工误差分析与补偿技术 5
第4章 复杂结构件的多轴数控加工实验与应用 6
4.1 实验平台搭建与数据采集 6
4.2 典型复杂结构件的加工案例分析 6
4.3 多轴数控加工技术的实际应用效果评估 6
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
随着现代制造业对复杂结构件精度与效率要求的不断提高，多轴数控加工技术已成为解决这一问题的关键手段。本研究聚焦于复杂结构件的多轴数控加工技术，旨在通过优化加工路径、刀具选择及工艺参数，提升加工效率与精度。研究首先分析了复杂结构件的几何特征及其加工难点，结合国内外相关技术发展现状，提出了基于五轴联动数控机床的加工方案。通过数值模拟与实验验证相结合的方法，系统研究了不同切削参数对加工表面质量、刀具寿命及加工时间的影响。结果表明，采用优化的刀具路径规划和自适应切削参数控制策略，能够显著减少加工误差并提高生产效率。特别是在航空航天领域的高精度零件加工中，该方法有效解决了传统三轴加工难以应对的复杂曲面问题。
关键词：多轴数控加工；复杂结构件；加工路径
RESEARCH ON MULTI-AXIS CNC MACHINING TECHNOLOGY OF COMPLEX STRUCTURAL PARTS
ABSTRACT
With the continuous improvement of the precision and efficiency of complex manufacturing industry, multi-axis CNC machining technology has become the key means to solve this problem. This study focuses on the multi-axis CNC machining technology of complex structural parts, aiming to improve the machining efficiency and precision by optimizing the machining path, tool selection and process parameters. The paper first analyzes the geometric characteristics of complex structural parts and their processing difficulties, combined with the development status of relevant technologies at home and abroad, and puts forward the five-axis linkage CNC machine tool. The effects of different cutting parameters on the machining surface quality, tool life and machining time are studied by combining numerical simulation and experimental verification. The results show that the optimized tool path planning and adaptive cutting parameter control strategy can significantly reduce machining error and improve production efficiency. Especially in the high-precision parts machining in the field of aerospace, this method effectively solves the complex curved surface problem which is difficult to deal with in the traditional three-axis machining.
KEY WORDS：Multi-axis CNC machining; complex structural parts; machining path
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 复杂结构件的多轴数控加工理论基础 2
2.1 多轴数控加工的基本原理 2
2.2 复杂结构件的加工特点分析 2
2.3 多轴加工技术的发展现状 3
第3章 复杂结构件的多轴数控加工工艺优化 4
3.1 加工路径规划与优化策略 4
3.2 切削参数的智能选择方法 4
3.3 加工误差分析与补偿技术 5
第4章 复杂结构件的多轴数控加工实验与应用 6
4.1 实验平台搭建与数据采集 6
4.2 典型复杂结构件的加工案例分析 6
4.3 多轴数控加工技术的实际应用效果评估 6
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
