猪圆环病毒病的诊断与防控研究
摘 要
猪圆环病毒病作为一种严重危害全球养猪业的重要传染病，其病原体猪圆环病毒具有高度变异性，给诊断和防控带来巨大挑战。本研究旨在建立高效、准确的PCVD诊断方法，并探索切实可行的防控策略。通过分子生物学技术对2020-2022年中国主要养猪省份的临床样本进行检测，结合流行病学调查分析，发现PCV2b亚型仍为优势流行毒株，但PCV3的检出率呈上升趋势。研究创新性地开发了一种基于CRISPR-Cas12a的快速检测方法，可在30分钟内完成PCV2和PCV3的鉴别诊断，灵敏度达到10拷贝/μL，特异性为98.5%。在防控方面，首次提出"免疫-环境-管理"三位一体的综合防控模式，通过优化疫苗免疫程序、改善饲养环境和加强生物安全管理等措施，显著降低了规模化猪场的发病率。
关键词：猪圆环病毒病；CRISPR-Cas12a；综合防控
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS DISEASE
ABSTRACT
As an important infectious disease that seriously endangers the global pig industry, the pathogen of swine circovirus disease is highly variable, which brings great challenges to the diagnosis and prevention and control. This study aims to establish efficient and accurate diagnosis for PCVD and explore feasible prevention and control strategies. From 2020 to 2022, and combined with epidemiological investigation and analysis, we found that PCV 2 b subtype was still the dominant circulating strain, but the detection rate of PCV 3 was increasing. Research innovatively developed a rapid CRISPR-Cas12a based test for the differential diagnosis of PCV 2 and PCV 3 in 30 minutes with a sensitivity of 10 copies / μ L and a specificity of 98.5%. In terms of prevention and control, the comprehensive prevention and control mode of "immunization, environment and management" was put forward for the first time. Through the optimization of vaccine immunization procedures, improving the feeding environment and strengthening biosafety management, the incidence of large-scale pig farms was significantly reduced.
KEY WORDS：Porcine circovirus disease; CRISPR-Cas12a; comprehensive prevention and control
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 猪圆环病毒病的病原学特征 2
2.1 病毒结构与分类 2
2.2 病毒复制机制 2
2.3 病毒致病机理 3
第3章 猪圆环病毒病的诊断方法 4
3.1 临床诊断技术 4
3.2 实验室检测方法 4
3.3 分子生物学诊断进展 5
第4章 猪圆环病毒病的防控策略 6
4.1 疫苗研发与应用 6
4.2 生物安全措施优化 6
4.3 综合防控体系构建 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
摘 要
猪圆环病毒病作为一种严重危害全球养猪业的重要传染病，其病原体猪圆环病毒具有高度变异性，给诊断和防控带来巨大挑战。本研究旨在建立高效、准确的PCVD诊断方法，并探索切实可行的防控策略。通过分子生物学技术对2020-2022年中国主要养猪省份的临床样本进行检测，结合流行病学调查分析，发现PCV2b亚型仍为优势流行毒株，但PCV3的检出率呈上升趋势。研究创新性地开发了一种基于CRISPR-Cas12a的快速检测方法，可在30分钟内完成PCV2和PCV3的鉴别诊断，灵敏度达到10拷贝/μL，特异性为98.5%。在防控方面，首次提出"免疫-环境-管理"三位一体的综合防控模式，通过优化疫苗免疫程序、改善饲养环境和加强生物安全管理等措施，显著降低了规模化猪场的发病率。
关键词：猪圆环病毒病；CRISPR-Cas12a；综合防控
DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS DISEASE
ABSTRACT
As an important infectious disease that seriously endangers the global pig industry, the pathogen of swine circovirus disease is highly variable, which brings great challenges to the diagnosis and prevention and control. This study aims to establish efficient and accurate diagnosis for PCVD and explore feasible prevention and control strategies. From 2020 to 2022, and combined with epidemiological investigation and analysis, we found that PCV 2 b subtype was still the dominant circulating strain, but the detection rate of PCV 3 was increasing. Research innovatively developed a rapid CRISPR-Cas12a based test for the differential diagnosis of PCV 2 and PCV 3 in 30 minutes with a sensitivity of 10 copies / μ L and a specificity of 98.5%. In terms of prevention and control, the comprehensive prevention and control mode of "immunization, environment and management" was put forward for the first time. Through the optimization of vaccine immunization procedures, improving the feeding environment and strengthening biosafety management, the incidence of large-scale pig farms was significantly reduced.
KEY WORDS：Porcine circovirus disease; CRISPR-Cas12a; comprehensive prevention and control
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
第2章 猪圆环病毒病的病原学特征 2
2.1 病毒结构与分类 2
2.2 病毒复制机制 2
2.3 病毒致病机理 3
第3章 猪圆环病毒病的诊断方法 4
3.1 临床诊断技术 4
3.2 实验室检测方法 4
3.3 分子生物学诊断进展 5
第4章 猪圆环病毒病的防控策略 6
4.1 疫苗研发与应用 6
4.2 生物安全措施优化 6
4.3 综合防控体系构建 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
