摘 要
陀思妥耶夫斯基的《罪与罚》作为19世纪俄国文学的经典之作，深刻探讨了人性、道德与社会的复杂关系。本研究以拉斯柯尔尼科夫这一核心人物为切入点，结合文本细读与心理学理论，剖析其犯罪心理及其背后的社会与哲学动因。研究旨在通过多维度分析揭示主人公从犯罪动机形成到内心挣扎再到最终救赎的心理历程，从而深化对作品主题的理解。研究采用文本分析法与跨学科研究方法，将文学批评与犯罪心理学相结合，系统梳理拉斯柯尔尼科夫的超人理论、社会压迫对其心理的影响以及宗教救赎在其思想转变中的作用。研究表明，拉斯柯尔尼科夫的犯罪行为并非单一的道德或法律问题，而是个人理念、社会环境与心理冲突共同作用的结果。其“超人”观念虽为其犯罪提供了理论依据，但实际却在实施后引发了剧烈的精神危机，体现了作者对极端理性主义的批判。
关键词：拉斯柯尔尼科夫 犯罪心理 超人理论
Abstract
As a classic work of Russian literature in the 19th century, Dostoyevsky deeply explores the complex relationship between human nature, morality and society. This study takes Ras Kornikov as the starting point, combines the text reading and psychological theory, and analyzes his criminal psychology and the social and philosophical motivation behind it. The research aims to reveal the psychological process of the protagonist from the formation of the criminal motive to the inner struggle to the final redemption through multi-dimensional analysis, so as to deepen the understanding of the theme of the work. The research uses text analysis and interdisciplinary research methods, combines literary criticism with criminal psychology, and systematically sorts out Raskolnikov's superhuman theory, the influence of social oppression on his psychology, and the role of religious redemption in his ideological change. Research shows that Raskolnikov's crime is not a single moral or legal problem, but the result of personal ideas, social environment and psychological conflict. Although his concept of "superman" provides a theoretical basis for his crime, it actually causes a violent spiritual crisis after the implementation, which reflects the author's criticism of extreme rationalism.Keyword:Raskolnikov Crime Psychology Superman Theory
目 录
引言 1
1拉斯柯尔尼科夫的人物形象分析 1
1.1理想主义者的矛盾特质 1
1.2超人理论的内在驱动 2
1.3社会环境对性格的影响 2
1.4心理挣扎与自我认同 3
2犯罪动机的心理剖析 3
2.1贫困与道德的冲突 3
2.2超越平凡的渴望 4
2.3对权力的隐秘追求 4
2.4内心正义感的扭曲 4
3犯罪后的心理变化轨迹 5
3.1恐惧与悔恨的交织 5
3.2自我辩护的心理机制 5
3.3道德觉醒的过程 6
3.4社会关系对心理的影响 6
4救赎之路与人性回归 7
4.1爱与信仰的作用 7
4.2罪恶感的深化与转变 7
4.3个人意志与社会规范的调和 7
4.4最终救赎的意义 8
结论 8
参考文献 10
致谢 11
