跨文化交际中的汉语语用失误与应对策略 -汉语言文学专业

摘要

跨文化交际的日益频繁使得汉语语用失误问题成为语言学研究的重要议题，本研究旨在探讨汉语作为第二语言学习者在跨文化交际中产生的语用失误及其应对策略。通过问卷调查、语料分析和深度访谈相结合的研究方法，本文系统考察了学习者在不同语境下的语用表现，发现其语用失误主要集中在礼貌原则、面子维护及文化预设等方面。研究表明，这些失误不仅源于语言知识的不足，更与文化认知偏差和交际策略缺失密切相关。基于此，本文提出了一套多层次的应对策略，包括强化文化背景知识输入、优化语用教学模式以及培养学习者的跨文化敏感性。研究创新点在于将语用失误置于动态交际情境中进行分析，并结合具体案例设计针对性训练方案，为汉语国际教育提供了实践参考。研究成果对提升汉语学习者的语用能力和跨文化交际水平具有重要意义，同时为相关领域的理论发展和教学实践提供了新视角。

关键词：语用失误；跨文化交际；汉语作为第二语言；礼貌原则；应对策略

Pragmatic Errors and Coping Strategies in Chinese Intercultural Communication

英文人名

Directive teacher:×××

Abstract

The increasing frequency of intercultural communication has made pragmatic failure in Chinese a significant topic in linguistic research. This study aims to explore the pragmatic failures and corresponding coping strategies of learners who use Chinese as a second language in intercultural interactions. By employing a combination of questionnaire surveys, corpus analysis, and in-depth interviews, this paper systematically examines learners' pragmatic performance in various contexts, revealing that their pragmatic failures primarily concentrate on the principles of politeness, face-saving, and cultural presuppositions. The findings indicate that these failures are not only attributable to insufficient linguistic knowledge but also closely related to cultural cognitive biases and the lack of communicative strategies. Based on these insights, this study proposes a set of multi-level strategies, including enhancing the input of cultural background knowledge, optimizing pragmatic teaching models, and fostering learners' intercultural sensitivity. A key innovation of this research lies in analyzing pragmatic failures within dynamic communicative situations and designing targeted training programs based on specific cases, thereby providing practical references for Chinese international education. The research outcomes are of great significance in improving Chinese learners' pragmatic competence and intercultural communication skills, while also offering new perspectives for theoretical development and teaching practices in relevant fields.

Keywords: Pragmatic Failure；Intercultural Communication；Chinese As A Second Language；Politeness Principle；Coping Strategies

引言 1

一、跨文化交际中汉语语用失误的类型分析 1

(一)语用失误的概念界定 1

(二)礼貌原则下的语用失误 2

(三)文化差异导致的语用偏差 2

二、汉语语用失误的成因探究 2

(一)语言背景差异的影响 3

(二)非言语行为的文化冲突 3

(三)社会规范与语境理解的缺失 4

三、跨文化交际中汉语语用失误的案例研究 4

(一)商务场景中的语用失误分析 4