摘 要
随着高速铁路网络的快速扩展，轨道铺设精度已成为影响列车运行安全性和舒适性的关键因素。为满足高铁建设对高精度定位技术的需求，本研究以提升轨道铺设精度为目标，深入探讨了基于全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）和惯性导航系统（INS）融合的高精度定位技术在高铁轨道铺设中的应用。通过构建动态误差补偿模型，结合实时差分定位算法，实现了复杂地形条件下毫米级的定位精度。研究采用实验验证与数据分析相结合的方法，设计并实施了多场景下的轨道铺设模拟试验，结果表明该技术能够显著提高轨道铺设的效率和精度，同时降低传统测量方法中的人工误差。此外，本研究创新性地提出了一种自适应校准算法，用于优化GNSS/INS组合系统的性能，从而有效应对信号遮挡和多路径效应等干扰问题。这一技术突破不仅为高铁轨道铺设提供了可靠的技术支持，还为其他高精度工程领域提供了借鉴意义。研究表明，高精度定位技术的应用能够显著改善高铁轨道铺设的质量控制水平，为实现智能化施工奠定了基础，其主要贡献在于推动了高精度定位技术与实际工程需求的深度融合，为未来高铁建设提供了新的技术路径。
关键词：高铁轨道铺设；高精度定位技术；GNSS/INS融合
ABSTRACT
With the rapid expansion of high-speed railway networks, track laying accuracy has become a critical factor affecting the safety and comfort of train operations. To meet the demand for high-precision positioning technology in high-speed railway construction, this study aims to enhance track laying accuracy by exploring the application of high-precision positioning technology based on the integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) in high-speed railway track laying. By constructing a dynamic error compensation model and combining it with real-time differential positioning algorithms, millimeter-level positioning accuracy is achieved under complex terrain conditions. The research employs a methodology that integrates experimental validation with data analysis, designing and implementing simulated track laying experiments across multiple scenarios. Results indicate that this technology significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of track laying while reducing human errors associated with traditional surveying methods. Additionally, this study innovatively proposes an adaptive calibration algorithm to optimize the performance of the GNSS/INS integrated system, effectively addressing interference issues such as signal blockage and multipath effects. This technological breakthrough not only provides reliable support for high-speed railway track laying but also offers reference significance for other high-precision engineering fields. The study demonstrates that the application of high-precision positioning technology can substantially enhance the quality control level of high-speed railway track laying, laying the foundation for intelligent construction. Its primary contribution lies in promoting the deep integration of high-precision positioning technology with practical engineering requirements, providing a new technical pathway for future high-speed railway construction.
Keywords: High-Speed Railway Track Laying; High-Precision Positioning Technology; Gnss/Ins Fusion
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 高精度定位技术的研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外高精度定位技术研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 高精度定位技术原理及应用基础 3
2.1 高精度定位技术的基本原理 3
2.2 高精度定位技术的关键算法分析 3
2.3 高铁轨道铺设对定位技术的需求 4
2.4 高精度定位技术在高铁建设中的适配性 4
第3章 高精度定位技术在轨道铺设中的具体应用 6
3.1 轨道铺设中的定位精度要求 6
3.2 高精度定位技术在施工质量控制中的实践 6
第4章 高精度定位技术实施中的问题与优化策略 8
4.1 实施过程中常见的技术挑战 8
4.2 环境因素对高精度定位的影响分析 8
4.3 提升高精度定位技术可靠性的优化措施 9
4.4 高精度定位技术未来发展方向探讨 9
结论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
