摘 要
倾斜摄影测量技术作为一种新兴的空间数据获取手段，近年来在地形测绘领域得到了广泛关注。复杂山区地形因其地势起伏剧烈、植被覆盖密集等特点，对传统测绘方法提出了严峻挑战，而倾斜摄影测量技术凭借其多视角成像和高分辨率优势，为解决这一问题提供了新途径。本研究以某典型复杂山区为实验区域，旨在验证倾斜摄影测量技术在该类地形中的精度表现，并探索其适用性与局限性。研究采用无人机搭载多镜头倾斜摄影相机进行数据采集，通过构建高精度三维模型并结合地面控制点进行几何校正，最终生成数字高程模型（DEM）与正射影像图（DOM）。在此基础上，将所得结果与传统全站仪测量数据进行对比分析，评估平面与高程精度。结果显示，在复杂山区环境下，倾斜摄影测量技术的平面中误差约为0.15米，高程中误差约为0.20米，能够满足大比例尺地形测绘的要求。此外，研究还发现，植被遮挡和阴影效应是影响精度的主要因素，需通过优化飞行参数与后期处理算法加以改善。本研究的创新点在于首次系统性地验证了倾斜摄影测量技术在复杂山区的应用潜力，并提出了针对地形特征的优化策略，为后续相关研究和技术推广奠定了基础。研究成果表明，倾斜摄影测量技术可作为传统测绘方法的有效补充，显著提升复杂山区地形测绘效率与精度。
关键词：倾斜摄影测量技术；复杂山区地形；无人机
ABSTRACT
Tilt photogrammetry technology, as an emerging spatial data acquisition method, has received extensive attention in the field of terrain surveying and mapping in recent years. Complex mountainous terrains, characterized by dramatic undulations and dense vegetation coverage, pose significant challenges to traditional surveying methods. Tilt photogrammetry technology, with its advantages of multi-perspective imaging and high resolution, offers a new approach to addressing these challenges. This study focuses on a typical complex mountainous area as the experimental region, aiming to verify the accuracy performance of tilt photogrammetry technology in such terrains and explore its applicability and limitations. Data collection was conducted using a drone equipped with a multi-lens tilt photogrammetry camera. A high-precision 3D model was constructed and geometrically corrected using ground control points, resulting in the generation of a digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophoto map (DOM). The results were then compared and analyzed with data obtained from traditional total station measurements to evaluate both planimetric and height accuracy. The findings indicate that, in complex mountainous environments, the planimetric mean error of tilt photogrammetry technology is approximately 0.15 meters, while the height mean error is about 0.20 meters, which satisfies the requirements for large-scale topographic mapping. Additionally, the study reveals that vegetation occlusion and shadow effects are the primary factors affecting accuracy, necessitating improvements through optimized flight parameters and post-processing algorithms. The innovation of this research lies in its systematic validation of the application potential of tilt photogrammetry technology in complex mountainous areas for the first time, along with the proposal of optimization strategies tailored to specific terrain characteristics, thereby laying a foundation for subsequent related studies and technological promotion. The research outcomes demonstrate that tilt photogrammetry technology can serve as an effective complement to traditional surveying methods, significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of topographic mapping in complex mountainous terrains.
Keywords: Tilt Photogrammetry Technology; Complex Mountainous Terrain; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 倾斜摄影测量技术的研究背景 1
1.2 复杂山区地形测绘的意义与挑战 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4 本文研究方法概述 2
第2章 倾斜摄影测量技术原理与应用 3
2.1 倾斜摄影测量的基本原理 3
2.2 数据采集与处理流程 3
2.3 关键技术难点解析 4
2.4 在复杂地形中的适用性分析 4
2.5 技术优势与局限性 5
第3章 复杂山区地形测绘的精度验证方法 6
3.1 精度验证的基本框架 6
3.2 控制点选取与布设策略 6
3.3 数据误差来源与分析 7
3.4 精度评估指标体系构建 7
3.5 实验设计与实施步骤 8
第4章 实验结果分析与优化建议 9
4.1 实验数据整理与初步分析 9
4.2 精度验证结果对比 9
4.3 影响精度的关键因素探讨 10
4.4 提高测绘精度的技术优化路径 10
4.5 实际应用中的改进方向 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
