摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快和建筑规模的不断扩大，建筑防火设计与疏散策略的重要性日益凸显，其直接关系到公共安全和人员生命财产的保障。本研究以现代建筑防火设计理论为基础，结合实际工程案例，系统分析了当前建筑设计中防火分区、耐火构造及疏散路径规划存在的问题，并提出了优化设计方案。研究采用数值模拟与实验验证相结合的方法，通过构建火灾动力学模型，对不同类型建筑的烟气扩散、温度分布及人员疏散时间进行了量化评估。结果表明，合理设置防火分区和优化疏散路径能够显著降低火灾风险，提高人员疏散效率。此外，本研究创新性地引入了智能化疏散引导系统，该系统可根据火灾实时情况动态调整疏散路线，有效解决了传统固定疏散方案在复杂火灾场景下的局限性。研究还提出了一种基于大数据分析的建筑防火性能评估方法，为建筑设计阶段的防火策略制定提供了科学依据。总体而言，本研究不仅深化了对建筑防火设计与疏散策略的理解，还为相关规范的修订和完善提供了重要参考，具有较高的理论价值和实践意义。
关键词：建筑防火设计；疏散策略优化；火灾动力学模型
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous expansion of building scales, the importance of fire protection design and evacuation strategies in buildings has become increasingly prominent, as they are directly related to public safety and the protection of human lives and property. This study is based on modern building fire protection design theory and combines practical engineering cases to systematically analyze existing problems in fire compartments, fire-resistant structures, and evacuation path planning in current building designs, while proposing optimized design solutions. A combination of numerical simulation and experimental validation was adopted, constructing fire dynamics models to quantitatively evaluate smoke propagation, temperature distribution, and evacuation time for different types of buildings. The results indicate that the rational arrangement of fire compartments and the optimization of evacuation paths can significantly reduce fire risks and improve evacuation efficiency. Furthermore, this study innovatively introduces an intelligent evacuation guidance system, which dynamically adjusts evacuation routes according to real-time fire conditions, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional fixed evacuation plans in complex fire scenarios. Additionally, a building fire performance evaluation method based on big data analysis is proposed, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of fire protection strategies during the architectural design phase. Overall, this study not only deepens the understanding of building fire protection design and evacuation strategies but also offers critical references for the revision and improvement of relevant standards, demonstrating significant theoretical value and practical implications.
Keywords: Building Fire Design; Evacuation Strategy Optimization; Fire Dynamics Model
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 建筑防火设计与疏散策略的研究背景 1
1.2 建筑防火设计与疏散策略的研究意义 1
1.3 国内外建筑防火设计与疏散策略研究现状 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 建筑防火设计的关键要素分析 3
2.1 防火分区的设计原则与应用 3
2.2 耐火等级对建筑设计的影响 3
2.3 消防设施的合理配置与优化 4
2.4 材料选择与防火性能的关系 4
2.5 防火设计中的常见问题与对策 5
第3章 疏散策略的理论基础与实践应用 6
3.1 疏散时间计算与评估方法 6
3.2 疏散通道的设计规范与优化 6
3.3 人员行为特征对疏散效率的影响 7
3.4 应急照明与标识系统的作用分析 7
3.5 疏散模拟技术的应用与发展 8
第4章 建筑防火设计与疏散策略的综合优化 9
4.1 高层建筑防火与疏散的特殊要求 9
4.2 复杂空间中防火与疏散的设计挑战 9
4.3 智能化技术在防火与疏散中的应用 10
4.4 防火与疏散设计的协同优化策略 10
4.5 实际案例分析与经验总结 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
