摘 要
腹膜透析是肾衰竭患者重要的替代治疗方式之一，但其并发症的发生率较高，严重影响患者的生存质量及治疗效果。本研究旨在探讨肾衰竭患者腹膜透析过程中常见并发症的护理方法与干预策略，以降低并发症发生率并提高患者的生活质量。研究采用前瞻性队列研究设计，选取201例腹膜透析患者作为研究对象，通过为期两年的随访观察，记录并分析其并发症类型、发生频率及相关因素，并实施针对性护理干预措施。结果显示，经过系统化护理干预后，腹膜炎、导管出口感染及隧道感染等主要并发症的发生率显著下降，患者自我管理能力及生活质量评分明显提升。本研究创新性地提出基于风险评估的个体化护理模式，强调早期预警和多维度干预的重要性，为临床护理实践提供了新的参考依据。研究表明，科学合理的护理策略能够有效改善腹膜透析患者的预后，具有重要的临床应用价值。关键词：腹膜透析，并发症护理，个体化护理模式
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is one of the critical alternative therapies for patients with renal failure; however, it is associated with a high incidence of complications, which significantly impair patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to investigate nursing methods and intervention strategies for common complications during peritoneal dialysis in renal failure patients, with the goal of reducing complication rates and enhancing patients' quality of life. A prospective cohort study design was employed, enrolling 201 peritoneal dialysis patients as research subjects. Through a two-year follow-up observation, the types, frequencies, and related factors of complications were recorded and analyzed, followed by the implementation of targeted nursing interventions. The results demonstrated that after systematic nursing interventions, the incidence of major complications, including peritonitis, catheter exit-site infection, and tunnel infection, significantly decreased, while patients' self-management abilities and quality of life scores markedly improved. This study innovatively proposed an individualized nursing model based on risk assessment, emphasizing the importance of early warning and multidimensional interventions, thereby providing new reference guidelines for clinical nursing practice. The findings indicate that scientifically sound and well-designed nursing strategies can effectively improve the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis patients, highlighting their significant clinical application value.
Key Words：Peritoneal Dialysis, Complication Nursing, Individualized Nursing Model
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）肾衰竭腹膜透析并发症的研究背景 1
（二）国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
二、腹膜透析并发症的类型与成因分析 3
（一）常见腹膜透析并发症概述 3
（二）并发症发生的主要机制探讨 4
（三）影响并发症发生的因素分析 5
三、腹膜透析并发症的护理干预策略 6
（一）护理干预的基本原则与目标 6
（二）针对性护理措施的设计与实施 7
（三）护理效果评估与优化路径 8
四、腹膜透析并发症管理中的多学科协作模式 9
（一）多学科协作在并发症管理中的作用 9
（二）医护患三方沟通机制的构建 10
（三）协作模式下的长期管理方案 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 15
