摘 要
随着医疗模式的转变和患者心理健康需求的日益凸显，护理人员在心理支持中的角色愈发重要。本研究旨在探讨护理人员对患者心理支持的需求现状及其实际实施情况，并分析其中存在的问题与改进空间。研究采用问卷调查法和半结构化访谈相结合的方式，选取某三甲医院的300名护理人员作为研究对象，收集其在心理支持实践中的经验、挑战及培训需求。结果显示，超过85%的护理人员认为心理支持对患者康复至关重要，但仅有42%的受访者表示接受过相关专业培训，且在实际工作中面临时间不足、技能欠缺等多重障碍。本研究创新性地提出了“分层心理支持模型”，以明确不同层级护理人员的职责与能力要求，同时强调系统化培训体系的构建。研究结论表明，提升护理人员的心理支持能力需从政策支持、教育培训及资源保障等方面综合施策，为优化临床心理支持实践提供了理论依据与实践指导。
关键词：心理支持，护理人员，分层心理支持模型，培训需求，实施障碍
Abstract
With the transformation of medical models and the increasing prominence of patients' mental health needs, the role of nursing staff in psychological support has become increasingly significant. This study aims to explore the current status of nursing staff's needs for providing psychological support to patients, their actual implementation practices, and analyze the existing problems and room for improvement. A combination of questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews was employed, with 300 nursing staff members from a tertiary hospital selected as research participants to gather their experiences, challenges, and training requirements in psychological support practice. The results indicate that over 85% of the nursing staff consider psychological support crucial for patient recovery; however, only 42% of respondents reported having received relevant professional training, and they face multiple obstacles in practice, such as insufficient time and inadequate skills. Innovatively, this study proposes a "tiered psychological support model" to clarify the responsibilities and competency requirements of nursing staff at different levels, while emphasizing the construction of a systematic training system. The conclusion suggests that enhancing the psychological support capabilities of nursing staff requires comprehensive strategies involving policy support, education and training, and resource assurance, providing theoretical foundations and practical guidance for optimizing clinical psychological support practices.
Key Words：Psychological Support, Nursing Staff, Hierarchical Psychological Support Model, Training Needs, Implementation Barriers
