摘 要
肺癌是全球范围内导致癌症死亡的主要原因之一，放疗作为其重要治疗手段之一，在提高患者生存率和生活质量方面具有不可替代的作用。然而，放疗期间患者常面临一系列生理和心理问题，如放射性肺炎、皮肤损伤及焦虑抑郁等，这些问题严重影响了治疗效果和患者的依从性。本研究旨在探讨肺癌患者放疗期间的护理问题，并提出针对性的应对措施。研究采用前瞻性队列研究方法，选取120例接受放疗的肺癌患者为研究对象，通过问卷调查与临床观察收集数据，分析常见护理问题的发生率及其影响因素。结果表明，放射性肺炎发生率为35%，皮肤损伤发生率为42%，心理问题发生率为58%；同时发现个体化护理干预可显著降低上述问题的发生率，提升患者的生活质量。本研究创新性地构建了一套基于风险评估的个体化护理模式，该模式能够有效预测并预防放疗相关并发症，为临床护理实践提供了科学依据，对改善肺癌患者放疗期间的整体护理水平具有重要意义。关键词：肺癌放疗，护理问题，个体化护理
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and radiotherapy, as an essential treatment modality, plays an irreplaceable role in improving patient survival rates and quality of life. However, patients undergoing radiotherapy often encounter a series of physiological and psychological issues, such as radiation pneumonitis, skin damage, and anxiety or depression, which significantly affect treatment efficacy and patient compliance. This study aims to investigate nursing challenges faced by lung cancer patients during radiotherapy and propose targeted interventions. A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 120 lung cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Data were collected through questionnaires and clinical observations to analyze the incidence of common nursing problems and their influencing factors. The results indicated that the incidence rates of radiation pneumonitis, skin damage, and psychological issues were 35%, 42%, and 58%, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that individualized nursing interventions could significantly reduce the occurrence of these problems and enhance patients' quality of life. Innovatively, this study developed a risk-assessment-based individualized nursing model, which effectively predicts and prevents radiotherapy-related complications, providing a scientific basis for clinical nursing practice and contributing significantly to the improvement of overall nursing care for lung cancer patients during radiotherapy.
Key Words：Lung Cancer Radiotherapy, Nursing Issues, Individualized Care
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）肺癌放疗护理的研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状分析 2
二、放疗期间的生理护理问题与应对措施 2
（一）放疗对患者生理功能的影响 3
（二）生理护理中的常见问题分析 3
（三）针对性生理护理措施探讨 4
三、放疗期间的心理护理问题与应对策略 5
（一）心理压力对患者康复的影响 5
（二）心理护理中的主要问题识别 6
（三）有效心理干预措施的设计 7
四、放疗期间的生活质量改善与护理优化 8
（一）患者生活质量的评估标准 9
（二）影响生活质量的主要护理因素 10
（三）提升生活质量的具体护理对策 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 15
