摘要
公共政策的有效执行是实现国家治理现代化的重要保障，然而在实际运行中，政策执行偏差现象普遍存在，影响了政策目标的达成和社会资源的合理配置。本研究以公共政策执行过程中的偏差及其矫正策略为核心，结合多学科理论视角，深入探讨偏差产生的根源及应对机制。研究采用定性与定量相结合的方法，通过案例分析、问卷调查和访谈等方式，系统考察了政策执行过程中可能存在的信息失真、利益冲突、激励不足等问题，并进一步提出了针对性的矫正策略。研究表明，政策执行偏差主要源于制度设计缺陷、执行主体能力不足以及监督机制不健全等因素。为此，本研究创新性地提出构建多层次监督体系、优化激励机制和完善政策评估反馈机制等对策，以提升政策执行的精准性和有效性。研究的主要贡献在于揭示了政策执行偏差的深层次原因，并为相关政策制定者提供了科学的决策参考，同时丰富了公共政策执行领域的理论框架，对推动政策执行体系的完善具有重要意义。
关键词：政策执行偏差；矫正策略；制度设计缺陷；监督机制；激励机制
Abstract
The effective implementation of public policies is a crucial guarantee for achieving the modernization of national governance. However, in practice, deviations in policy implementation are widespread, affecting the attainment of policy ob jectives and the rational allocation of social resources. This study focuses on the deviations in the implementation of public policies and their corrective strategies, integrating multidisciplinary theoretical perspectives to explore the root causes of deviations and corresponding response mechanisms. By employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including case analysis, questionnaire surveys, and interviews, the study systematically examines potential issues during the policy implementation process, such as information distortion, conflicts of interest, and insufficient incentives, and further proposes targeted corrective strategies. The research findings indicate that policy implementation deviations primarily stem from institutional design flaws, inadequate capabilities of implementing entities, and an imperfect supervision mechanism. In response, this study innovatively suggests constructing a multi-level supervision system, optimizing incentive mechanisms, and improving policy evaluation and feedback mechanisms to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of policy implementation. The main contribution of this study lies in uncovering the deep-seated reasons for policy implementation deviations and providing scientific decision-making references for relevant policymakers, while enriching the theoretical fr amework of public policy implementation and playing a significant role in promoting the perfection of the policy implementation system.
Keywords：Policy Implementation Deviation; Correction Strategy; Institutional Design Defect; Supervision Mechanism; Incentive Mechanism
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 公共政策执行偏差的研究背景 1
(二) 研究公共政策执行偏差的意义 1
(三) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(四) 本文研究方法与结构安排 2
二、公共政策执行偏差的成因分析 2
(一) 政策设计阶段的偏差来源 2
(二) 执行主体行为偏差的表现形式 3
(三) 社会环境对政策执行的影响 3
三、公共政策执行偏差的识别与评估 4
(一) 偏差识别的关键指标体系 4
(二) 数据收集与分析方法的应用 4
(三) 偏差评估的实践案例分析 5
四、公共政策执行偏差的矫正策略研究 5
(一) 完善政策设计的路径探索 5
(二) 提升执行主体能力的措施 6
(三) 构建监督与反馈机制 6
结 论 8
参考文献 9
