摘要
随着全球对环境保护的关注日益增强，传统石油基表面活性剂因难以降解和环境危害问题受到限制，生物基表面活性剂因其可再生、低毒性和易降解特性成为研究热点。本研究旨在开发基于可再生资源的生物基表面活性剂，并评估其在环保型清洁剂中的应用潜力。通过以天然油脂为原料，结合绿色化学合成方法，设计并制备了一系列新型生物基表面活性剂，优化了其结构与性能之间的关系。采用红外光谱、核磁共振及表面张力测试等手段对其分子结构和表面活性进行了表征，结果表明所制备的表面活性剂具有优异的去污能力、乳化性能和抗硬水性能。此外，通过模拟废水处理实验发现，该类表面活性剂在自然条件下可在短时间内完全降解，显著降低了对生态环境的影响。本研究的创新点在于首次将特定改性路径引入生物基表面活性剂的合成中，实现了性能与环保性的平衡，为开发高效、安全的环保型清洁剂提供了新思路。研究表明，生物基表面活性剂有望替代传统产品，推动清洁剂行业的可持续发展。
关键词：生物基表面活性剂；环保型清洁剂；绿色化学合成；可降解性；表面活性性能
Abstract
With the growing global attention to environmental protection, traditional petroleum-based surfactants are increasingly restricted due to their difficulties in degradation and potential environmental hazards. In contrast, bio-based surfactants have emerged as a research focus owing to their renewable nature, low toxicity, and biodegradability. This study aims to develop bio-based surfactants from renewable resources and evaluate their application potential in environmentally friendly cleaning agents. By using natural oils as raw materials and employing green chemical synthesis methods, a series of novel bio-based surfactants were designed and prepared, with an optimized relationship between structure and performance. Their molecular structures and surface activities were characterized using techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and surface tension measurements. The results indicate that the developed surfactants exhibit excellent cleaning ability, emulsification properties, and hard water resistance. Furthermore, simulated wastewater treatment experiments revealed that these surfactants can be completely degraded within a short period under natural conditions, significantly reducing their ecological impact. The innovation of this study lies in the first introduction of a specific modification pathway into the synthesis of bio-based surfactants, achieving a balance between performance and environmental compatibility. This provides new insights for the development of highly efficient and safe eco-friendly cleaning agents. The study demonstrates that bio-based surfactants hold promise as alternatives to conventional products, promoting sustainable development in the cleaning agent industry.
Keywords：Bio-Based Surfactant; Environmentally Friendly Cleaner; Green Chemical Synthesis; Biodegradability; Surfactant Performance
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 生物基表面活性剂的研究背景与意义 1
(二) 环保型清洁剂领域的发展现状 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、生物基表面活性剂的制备与性能优化 2
(一) 生物基表面活性剂的来源与分类 2
(二) 制备工艺对性能的影响分析 3
(三) 表面活性剂性能评价指标体系 3
三、环保型清洁剂配方设计与应用研究 4
(一) 清洁剂配方设计原则与方法 4
(二) 生物基表面活性剂在配方中的作用机制 4
(三) 应用效果评估与改进建议 5
四、环保型清洁剂的环境影响与经济性分析 5
(一) 环境友好性评估方法与标准 6
(二) 使用过程中的生态影响分析 6
(三) 成本效益分析与市场前景预测 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
