摘要
生物技术的快速发展为精细化学品合成提供了新的途径，其中酶催化因其高效性、专一性和环境友好性而备受关注。本研究旨在探讨基于生物技术的酶催化在精细化学品合成中的应用潜力，并通过优化反应条件和酶工程改造提升其催化效率与适用范围。研究选取了多种具有代表性的工业化学品作为目标产物，利用定向进化和理性设计对关键酶进行改造，成功提高了其热稳定性、底物兼容性和催化活性。同时，通过构建多酶级联反应体系，实现了复杂化学转化的一锅化操作，显著降低了副产物生成和能耗。实验结果表明，经改造的酶催化剂在特定反应中表现出优异性能，产率较传统方法提高30%以上，且反应条件温和，符合绿色化学原则。此外，本研究还开发了一种基于机器学习的酶筛选平台，能够快速预测潜在高效酶并指导实验设计，大幅缩短了研发周期。总体而言，本研究不仅拓展了酶催化的应用领域，还为精细化学品的绿色合成提供了创新思路和技术支持，具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。
关键词：酶催化；精细化学品合成；酶工程；绿色化学；机器学习酶筛选平台
Abstract
The rapid development of biotechnology has provided new avenues for the synthesis of fine chemicals, with enzyme catalysis receiving significant attention due to its efficiency, specificity, and environmental friendliness. This study investigates the application potential of biotechnology-based enzyme catalysis in fine chemical synthesis and enhances its catalytic efficiency and applicability through reaction condition optimization and enzyme engineering modifications. A variety of representative industrial chemicals were selected as target products, and key enzymes were engineered using directed evolution and rational design, successfully improving their thermostability, substrate compatibility, and catalytic activity. Simultaneously, a multi-enzyme cascade reaction system was constructed to achieve one-pot operation for complex chemical transformations, significantly reducing by-product formation and energy consumption. Experimental results demonstrate that the modified enzyme catalysts exhibit superior performance in specific reactions, with yields increased by over 30% compared to traditional methods, under mild reaction conditions consistent with green chemistry principles. Additionally, this study developed a machine-learning-based enzyme screening platform capable of rapidly predicting potentially highly efficient enzymes and guiding experimental design, considerably shortening the research and development cycle. Overall, this study not only expands the application domain of enzyme catalysis but also provides innovative ideas and technical support for the green synthesis of fine chemicals, holding important theoretical significance and practical value.
Keywords：Enzyme Catalysis; Fine Chemicals Synthesis; Enzyme Engineering; Green Chemistry; Machine Learning Enzyme Screening Platform
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 酶催化在精细化学品合成中的背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、酶催化反应机制及其优化策略 2
(一) 酶催化的基本原理与特点 2
(二) 酶催化反应的优化方法 3
(三) 影响酶催化效率的关键因素 3
三、生物技术在酶催化中的应用进展 4
(一) 酶的定向进化与改造技术 4
(二) 固定化酶技术的应用与发展 4
(三) 高通量筛选技术在酶开发中的作用 5
四、酶催化在精细化学品合成中的典型案例分析 5
(一) 手性化合物的酶法合成 5
(二) 天然产物衍生物的高效制备 6
(三) 绿色化学理念下的酶催化工艺设计 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
