摘 要
全球化进程深刻改变了世界经济格局，发展中国家在融入全球体系的过程中面临经济增长动力重构的挑战。本研究以全球化对发展中国家内部经济增长动力的影响为核心，探讨外部环境变化如何作用于国内经济结构转型与增长潜力释放。研究基于新古典增长理论与内生增长理论框架，结合全球化指标体系，采用面板数据分析方法，选取1990年至2020年间45个典型发展中国家的样本数据进行实证分析。结果表明，全球化通过贸易、投资和技术溢出等渠道显著促进了发展中国家的经济增长，但其效应因国家间制度质量、人力资本水平和产业结构差异而存在异质性。进一步研究发现，全球化对低收入国家的经济增长促进作用相对有限，而中等收入国家则更可能通过技术吸收与产业升级实现更高增长潜力。本研究的创新点在于将全球化分解为经济全球化、社会文化和政治全球化三个维度，并考察其对不同发展阶段国家经济增长动力的差异化影响，同时引入制度质量作为调节变量，揭示了其在放大或抑制全球化效应中的关键作用。主要贡献在于深化了对全球化与发展中国家经济增长关系的理解，为政策制定者提供了更具针对性的建议，即通过提升制度质量、加强教育投入和优化产业政策来最大化全球化带来的机遇，同时缓解潜在风险。
关键词：全球化；发展中国家；经济增长动力；制度质量；技术溢出
Abstract
The process of globalization has profoundly transformed the global economic landscape, posing challenges to developing countries in terms of restructuring their growth drivers as they integrate into the global system. This study focuses on the impact of globalization on internal growth dynamics within developing countries, examining how changes in the external environment influence domestic economic structural transformation and the release of growth potential. Grounded in the fr ameworks of neoclassical growth theory and endogenous growth theory, and incorporating a globalization index system, this research employs panel data analysis methods, utilizing sample data from 45 representative developing countries between 1990 and 2020 for empirical analysis. The results indicate that globalization significantly promotes economic growth in developing countries through channels such as trade, investment, and technology spillovers, although its effects exhibit heterogeneity due to differences in institutional quality, human capital levels, and industrial structures across countries. Further analysis reveals that the growth-promoting effect of globalization is relatively limited for low-income countries, whereas middle-income countries are more likely to achieve higher growth potential through technology absorption and industrial upgrading. A key innovation of this study lies in decomposing globalization into three dimensions—economic globalization, socio-cultural globalization, and political globalization—and analyzing their differential impacts on the growth dynamics of countries at different stages of development. Additionally, institutional quality is introduced as a moderating variable, highlighting its critical role in amplifying or mitigating the effects of globalization. The primary contribution of this study is to deepen the understanding of the relationship between globalization and economic growth in developing countries, offering policymakers more targeted recommendations. These include enhancing institutional quality, increasing educational investment, and optimizing industrial policies to maximize the opportunities brought by globalization while mitigating potential risks.
Keywords: Globalization; Developing Country; Economic Growth Driver; Institution Quality; Technology Spillover
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）全球化与经济增长的研究背景 1
（二）研究全球化与经济增长动力的意义 1
（三）国内外研究现状综述 1
（四）本文研究方法与创新点 2
二、全球化对发展中国家经济的影响机制 2
（一）全球化的基本概念与特征 2
（二）资本流动对经济增长的作用 3
（三）技术转移与创新能力提升 3
（四）国际贸易对经济结构的优化 4
（五）全球化带来的挑战与风险 4
三、发展中国家内部经济增长动力分析 5
（一）内部经济增长动力的理论框架 5
（二）人力资本对经济增长的贡献 5
（三）制度质量与经济效率提升 6
（四）产业结构调整与升级路径 6
（五）区域经济发展不平衡问题 7
四、全球化与发展中国家经济增长动力的互动关系 7
（一）全球化如何塑造内部增长动力 7
（二）对外开放政策的经济效应评估 8
（三）全球价值链中的位置与竞争力 8
（四）政府角色与政策选择的重要性 9
（五）可持续发展目标下的动力重构 9
结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
