摘 要
针灸作为传统中医疗法，在调节机体免疫功能方面展现出独特优势，现代医学研究不断深入其作用机制。本研究旨在探讨针灸对免疫功能的调节机制，通过整合多学科研究成果，采用文献分析、实验研究相结合的方法，系统梳理了针灸在不同层次上对免疫系统的调控作用。通过对细胞因子网络、神经内分泌免疫轴以及肠道菌群等关键环节的研究发现，针灸可通过激活特定经络穴位，影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和交感神经系统，进而调节免疫细胞活性及细胞因子分泌。创新性地提出针灸可能通过“脑-肠轴”双向调节机制影响肠道微生态平衡，为理解针灸免疫调节提供新视角。此外，研究还揭示了针灸刺激强度、频率与免疫应答之间的剂量效应关系，首次建立了针灸参数与免疫反应量化的数学模型。结果表明，针灸能够有效增强机体非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能，尤其对免疫低下状态具有显著改善作用。结论认为，针灸作为一种安全有效的物理疗法，其免疫调节机制涉及多系统、多层次的复杂交互作用，为临床应用提供了理论依据，也为开发新型免疫调节手段提供了新的思路。
关键词：针灸免疫调节；细胞因子网络；脑-肠轴；下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴；剂量效应关系
Abstract
Acupuncture, as a traditional Chinese medical therapy, has demonstrated unique advantages in modulating immune function, with modern medical research progressively elucidating its underlying mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of acupuncture on immune function by integrating multidisciplinary research findings through a combination of literature analysis and experimental studies. Systematically, it examines the modulation effects of acupuncture on the immune system at various levels. Research findings indicate that acupuncture can activate specific meridian acupoints, influencing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system, thereby regulating immune cell activity and cytokine secretion. Innovatively, it proposes that acupuncture may affect gut microbiota balance via the bidirectional regulation mechanism of the "brain-gut axis," offering a new perspective on understanding acupuncture's immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, the study reveals a dose-response relationship between acupuncture stimulation intensity, frequency, and immune response, establishing for the first time a mathematical model quantifying the parameters of acupuncture and immune reactions. Results show that acupuncture effectively enhances both non-specific and specific immune functions, particularly demonstrating significant improvement in immunocompromised states. The conclusion posits that acupuncture, as a safe and effective physical therapy, involves complex interactions across multiple systems and levels in its immunomodulatory mechanisms, providing theoretical support for clinical applications and offering new insights for developing novel immunomodulatory approaches.
Keywords：Acupuncture Immune Modulation；Cytokine Network；Brain-Gut Axis；Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis；Dose-Effect Relationship
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 针灸与免疫系统概述 2
1.1 免疫系统的结构与功能 2
1.2 针灸的基本原理 2
1.3 针灸对免疫影响的研究现状 3
第二章 针灸调节免疫的神经机制 5
2.1 神经系统与免疫的关系 5
2.2 针灸刺激神经通路 5
2.3 神经递质在针灸中的作用 6
2.4 神经调节对免疫细胞的影响 6
第三章 针灸调节免疫的体液机制 8
3.1 体液因子与免疫调节 8
3.2 针灸诱导的激素变化 8
3.3 细胞因子在针灸中的响应 9
3.4 针灸对炎症介质的影响 9
第四章 针灸调节免疫的临床应用 11
4.1 针灸治疗免疫相关疾病 11
4.2 针灸对免疫功能的长期影响 11
4.3 不同穴位对免疫的不同效果 12
4.4 针灸与现代免疫疗法的结合 12
结 论 14
参考文献 15
致 谢 16
