摘 要
随着人口老龄化进程加快，老年痴呆症患者数量不断增加，其家属在照护过程中承受着巨大的负担且存在特殊的心理支持需求。本研究旨在深入探究老年痴呆症患者家属的照护负担与心理支持需求情况，为构建更有效的家庭支持体系提供依据。采用分层随机抽样法选取某地区150名老年痴呆症患者家属作为研究对象，通过自行设计并经信效度检验的问卷进行调查，同时对其中30名家属进行半结构式访谈以获取更丰富的资料。结果表明，大部分家属面临着经济、时间、精力等多方面的沉重照护负担，尤其在中重度患者家属中表现更为明显；家属们迫切需要专业的心理辅导、疾病知识培训以及社会层面的理解与援助等心理支持，在不同性别、年龄、文化程度、亲属关系的家属间存在一定差异性。本研究创新地将定量与定性研究相结合，全面系统地揭示了老年痴呆症患者家属照护负担和心理支持需求的现状及特点，强调了社会各界应重视这一群体的需求，呼吁建立多元化的家庭支持机制，提高家属应对能力，改善患者生活质量，对完善老年痴呆症患者的照护体系有着重要的意义。
关键词：老年痴呆症患者家属；照护负担；心理支持需求；家庭支持体系；疾病知识培训
Abstract
As the process of population aging accelerates, the number of patients with dementia is increasing, imposing a significant caregiving burden on their family members who have unique psychological support needs. This study aims to explore in depth the caregiving burden and psychological support needs of family caregivers of elderly dementia patients, providing evidence for constructing more effective family support systems. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select 150 family caregivers from a specific region as research subjects. These subjects were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire that had undergone reliability and validity testing. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 of these caregivers to obtain richer data. The results indicate that most caregivers face substantial caregiving burdens in terms of economics, time, and energy, which are particularly pronounced among caregivers of moderate to severe dementia patients. There is an urgent need for professional psychological counseling, disease knowledge training, and societal understanding and assistance as psychological support. Differences exist among caregivers of different genders, ages, education levels, and kinship relationships. Innovatively combining quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study comprehensively and systematically reveals the current status and characteristics of the caregiving burden and psychological support needs of family caregivers of elderly dementia patients. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the needs of this group by all sectors of society, calls for the establishment of diversified family support mechanisms, enhances caregivers' coping abilities, and improves patients' quality of life, which is of great significance for perfecting the care system for elderly dementia patients.
Keywords：Family Members Of Alzheimer's Patients；Caregiving Burden；Psychological Support Needs；Family Support System；Disease Knowledge Training
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 照护负担的现状分析 2
1.1 照护负担的定义与测量 2
1.2 家属照护时间投入 2
1.3 经济负担对家庭的影响 3
第二章 心理压力源的识别 4
2.1 患者行为问题应对 4
2.2 家属情绪反应特征 4
2.3 社会支持系统感知 5
第三章 心理支持需求评估 6
3.1 专业服务需求调查 6
3.2 家属心理健康教育 6
3.3 支持性团体活动需求 7
第四章 改善建议与对策 9
4.1 构建多层级支持体系 9
4.2 提升社区服务能力 9
4.3 推动政策保障措施 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
