摘 要
早产儿发育支持护理是新生儿重症监护室(NICU)护理工作的重要组成部分，对早产儿的健康发育具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨NICU护士对早产儿发育支持护理的认知与实践现状，为提高护理质量提供依据。采用问卷调查法，选取某地区三所三级甲等医院NICU的120名护士作为研究对象，自行设计包含一般资料、认知情况和实践行为三个维度的调查问卷进行调查。结果显示，护士对早产儿发育支持护理的整体认知水平处于中等偏上，但在部分细节方面仍存在不足，如对发育支持护理理念的理解不够深入；在实践方面，大部分护士能够遵循基本的护理规范，但个体间差异较大，尤其在非营养性吸吮、体位管理等具体操作上的执行率较低。创新点在于首次聚焦该地区NICU护士群体，从认知和实践两个角度全面评估其对早产儿发育支持护理的掌握程度，并发现认知与实践之间存在一定差距。主要贡献是为后续培训提供了针对性方向，即应加强护士对发育支持护理理念的深度理解，同时制定统一且详细的实践标准以缩小个体差异，从而全面提升早产儿发育支持护理的质量。
关键词：早产儿发育支持护理；NICU护士；认知与实践现状；非营养性吸吮；体位管理
Abstract
Developmental support care for preterm infants is an essential component of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nursing practice, playing a critical role in promoting the healthy development of preterm infants. This study aims to investigate the current status of NICU nurses' knowledge and practice regarding developmental support care for preterm infants, providing evidence to enhance the quality of care. A questionnaire survey method was employed, selecting 120 nurses from the NICUs of three tertiary hospitals in a specific region as research subjects. A self-designed questionnaire encompassing three dimensions—general information, knowledge level, and practice behavior—was utilized for data collection. The results indicate that the overall knowledge level of nurses concerning developmental support care for preterm infants is moderately high; however, deficiencies remain in certain detailed aspects, such as a lack of in-depth understanding of the concept of developmental support care. In terms of practice, most nurses adhere to basic nursing standards, but significant individual differences exist, particularly in the implementation rates of specific operations like non-nutritive sucking and positioning management. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the NICU nurse population in this region, comprehensively evaluating their mastery of developmental support care from both cognitive and practical perspectives, and identifying a gap between knowledge and practice. The primary contribution is to provide targeted directions for subsequent training, emphasizing the need to deepen nurses' understanding of developmental support care concepts and establish uniform and detailed practice standards to reduce individual disparities, thereby comprehensively improving the quality of developmental support care for preterm infants.
Keywords：Developmental Supportive Care For Preterm Infants；Nicu Nurses；Current Status Of Cognition And Practice；Non-Nutritive Sucking；Position Management
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 早产儿发育支持护理的理论基础 2
1.1 发育支持护理的概念与内涵 2
1.2 早产儿生理与心理特点 2
1.3 发育支持护理的重要性 3
第二章 护士对早产儿发育支持护理的认知现状 5
2.1 认知水平评估方法 5
2.2 影响认知水平的因素分析 5
2.3 提高认知水平的策略探讨 6
第三章 早产儿发育支持护理的具体实践 7
3.1 环境管理与优化措施 7
3.2 身体接触与抚触技巧 7
3.3 母乳喂养的支持与指导 8
第四章 护理质量评价与持续改进 9
4.1 护理效果评价指标体系 9
4.2 实践中的问题与挑战 9
4.3 持续改进的路径与方法 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
