摘 要
随着慢性肾功能衰竭患者数量的增加，居家腹膜透析成为重要的治疗方式，但其效果与患者的自我管理能力密切相关。为提高居家腹膜透析患者的自我管理能力并分析其效果，本研究选取某地区120例居家腹膜透析患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例，对照组给予常规护理干预，观察组在常规护理基础上实施系统的自我管理能力培养方案，包括健康教育、心理支持、技能训练等多方面内容，干预周期为6个月。通过自制的自我管理能力量表、生活质量量表以及相关生理指标，在干预前和干预后分别对两组患者进行评估。结果显示，干预后观察组患者的自我管理能力评分从（58.3±7.4）分提升至（82.6±6.9）分，生活质量各项指标均显著优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P0.05），且观察组患者的腹膜炎发生率明显低于对照组。这表明系统的自我管理能力培养方案有助于提高居家腹膜透析患者的自我管理能力，改善其生活质量，降低并发症发生率，为居家腹膜透析患者的护理工作提供了新的思路和方法，创新性地将多维度的自我管理能力培养融入到日常护理中，强调了以患者为中心的护理理念，对提高居家腹膜透析患者的预后具有重要意义。
关键词：居家腹膜透析；自我管理能力；生活质量；并发症发生率；护理干预
Abstract
With the increasing number of patients with chronic renal failure, home-based peritoneal dialysis has become an important treatment modality, and its effectiveness is closely related to patients' self-management abilities. To enhance the self-management abilities of home-based peritoneal dialysis patients and analyze the outcomes, this study selected 120 home-based peritoneal dialysis patients from a specific region as research subjects, who were divided into observation and control groups of 60 patients each using a random number table method. The control group received routine nursing interventions, while the observation group was provided with a systematic self-management ability training program based on routine care, encompassing multiple aspects such as health education, psychological support, and skill training, over a six-month intervention period. Self-management ability and quality of life were assessed using self-constructed scales, along with relevant physiological indicators, before and after the intervention for both groups. The results showed that the self-management ability scores of patients in the observation group increased from (58.3±7.4) points to (82.6±6.9) points post-intervention, with all quality of life indicators significantly better than those in the control group, showing statistically significant differences (P0.05). Additionally, the incidence of peritonitis was notably lower in the observation group compared to the control group. This indicates that a systematic self-management ability training program can effectively improve the self-management abilities of home-based peritoneal dialysis patients, enhance their quality of life, and reduce the incidence of complications, providing new insights and methods for nursing practices in home-based peritoneal dialysis patients. It innovatively integrates multidimensional self-management ability training into daily nursing care, emphasizing patient-centered care concepts, which is of great significance for improving the prognosis of home-based peritoneal dialysis patients.
Keywords：Home Peritoneal Dialysis；Self-Management Ability；Quality Of Life；Complication Rate；Nursing Intervention
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 居家腹膜透析患者现状分析 2
1.1 患者群体特征研究 2
1.2 自我管理需求评估 2
1.3 影响自我管理的因素 3
第二章 自我管理能力培养体系构建 5
2.1 培养目标设定 5
2.2 教育培训内容设计 5
2.3 支持系统建设 6
第三章 自我管理能力培养实施过程 7
3.1 培训方式选择与应用 7
3.2 患者参与度提升策略 7
3.3 实施过程中的问题及应对 8
第四章 自我管理能力培养效果评价 9
4.1 临床指标改善情况 9
4.2 生活质量变化分析 9
4.3 长期随访结果总结 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
