摘 要
儿童哮喘是全球范围内常见的慢性呼吸道疾病，严重影响患儿的生活质量及其家庭的正常运转。儿科护士作为儿童哮喘管理的重要力量，在家庭管理教育方面发挥着不可替代的作用，但目前其能力存在诸多不足。本研究旨在探索提升儿科护士对儿童哮喘家庭管理教育能力的有效路径。通过文献研究法梳理国内外相关研究成果，明确现有教育模式与能力要求间的差距；运用问卷调查法和访谈法收集来自不同地区医院儿科护士及哮喘患儿家庭的数据，深入了解当前存在的问题。结果表明，儿科护士在疾病知识传授、行为指导、心理支持等方面的能力参差不齐，且缺乏系统的培训体系。针对这些问题提出构建基于核心胜任力模型的培训课程，涵盖疾病基础知识、沟通技巧、健康教育方法等多维度内容，并借助互联网平台实现线上线下相结合的培训模式，以满足不同护士的学习需求。创新性地将家庭参与式理念融入其中，强调家庭成员在培训过程中的积极作用，不仅有助于提高护士的专业技能，还能增强家庭应对疾病的信心。这一路径为提升儿科护士对儿童哮喘家庭管理教育能力提供了新思路，对改善儿童哮喘管理现状具有重要意义。
关键词：儿童哮喘；儿科护士；家庭管理教育；核心胜任力模型；培训课程设计
Abstract
Pediatric asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease worldwide, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected children and the normal functioning of their families. Pediatric nurses play an indispensable role in family management education for pediatric asthma but currently face numerous limitations in their capabilities. This study aims to explore effective pathways to enhance the capacity of pediatric nurses in providing family management education for pediatric asthma. By employing literature review methods, this research synthesizes relevant findings from domestic and international studies to identify gaps between existing educational models and competency requirements. Questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted with pediatric nurses and families of asthmatic children from various regional hospitals to gain in-depth insights into current challenges. The results indicate that pediatric nurses exhibit inconsistent competencies in disease knowledge dissemination, behavioral guidance, and psychological support, compounded by a lack of systematic training programs. In response to these issues, this study proposes the development of a training curriculum based on a core competency model, encompassing multidimensional content such as basic disease knowledge, communication skills, and health education methodologies. Leveraging internet platforms, this training model integrates online and offline components to accommodate diverse learning needs of nurses. Innovatively, the concept of family participatory approach is incorporated, emphasizing the active role of family members in the training process. This not only enhances nurses' professional skills but also boosts families' confidence in managing the disease. This pathway offers new perspectives for improving pediatric nurses' capabilities in family management education for pediatric asthma, holding significant implications for enhancing the overall management of pediatric asthma.
Keywords：Childhood Asthma；Pediatric Nurse；Family Management Education；Core Competency Model；Training Course Design
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 儿科护士能力现状分析 2
1.1 儿科护士专业背景调查 2
1.2 家庭管理教育认知水平 2
1.3 现有培训体系评估 3
第二章 哮喘家庭管理教育需求 5
2.1 患儿家庭实际需求 5
2.2 医护人员视角分析 5
2.3 教育内容优先级确定 6
第三章 能力提升路径设计 8
3.1 核心能力框架构建 8
3.2 教学方法优化选择 8
3.3 实践技能培训方案 9
第四章 教育效果评价体系 11
4.1 教育质量评估指标 11
4.2 患儿家庭反馈机制 11
4.3 持续改进措施建议 12
结 论 14
参考文献 15
致 谢 16
