摘 要
肝硬化腹水是临床常见的严重并发症，严重影响患者的生活质量及预后。本研究旨在探讨系统化护理干预对肝硬化腹水患者的整体疗效及并发症预防效果。选取某三甲医院2019年1月至2022年1月收治的120例肝硬化腹水患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例，对照组给予常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施系统化护理干预，包括病情监测、饮食指导、心理支持、体位管理、腹水引流护理等多方面内容。研究结果显示，观察组患者腹水消退时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；观察组并发症发生率(13.33%)明显低于对照组(33.33%)，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；观察组患者护理满意度为95.00%，高于对照组的78.33%，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。该研究创新性地构建了肝硬化腹水患者的系统化护理模式，从多维度提升护理质量，不仅有效促进腹水消退，缩短住院时间，还显著降低并发症发生率，提高患者护理满意度，为临床护理工作提供了新的思路与方法，对改善肝硬化腹水患者的预后具有重要价值。
关键词：肝硬化腹水；系统化护理干预；并发症预防
Abstract
Ascites due to liver cirrhosis is a common and serious complication that significantly affects patients' quality of life and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the overall efficacy and preventive effects of systematic nursing intervention on complications in patients with liver cirrhosis ascites. A total of 120 patients with liver cirrhosis ascites, admitted to a tertiary hospital from January 2019 to January 2022, were selected as research subjects and divided into an observation group and a control group, each comprising 60 cases, using a random number table method. The control group received routine care, while the observation group underwent systematic nursing intervention based on routine care, encompassing multiple aspects such as condition monitoring, dietary guidance, psychological support, position management, and ascites drainage care. The study results indicated that the time for ascites resolution and length of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (13.33%) was markedly lower than that in the control group (33.33%), showing statistical significance (P0.05). Patient satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was 95.00%, higher than the 78.33% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P0.05). This research innovatively constructed a systematic nursing model for patients with liver cirrhosis ascites, enhancing nursing quality from multiple dimensions. It not only effectively promoted ascites resolution and shortened hospital stays but also significantly reduced the incidence of complications and improved patient satisfaction with nursing care, providing new ideas and methods for clinical nursing work and holding important value for improving the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis ascites.
Keywords：Liver Cirrhosis Ascites；Systematized Nursing Intervention；Complication Prevention
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 肝硬化腹水的病理生理基础 2
1.1 肝硬化的发病机制 2
1.2 腹水形成的原因分析 2
1.3 病理生理对护理的影响 3
第二章 护理评估与病情监测 5
2.1 患者体征的全面评估 5
2.2 实验室检查结果解读 5
2.3 并发症早期预警指标 6
第三章 综合护理干预措施 7
3.1 饮食管理与营养支持 7
3.2 用药指导与副作用预防 7
3.3 心理护理与健康教育 8
第四章 并发症预防及处理策略 9
4.1 感染性并发症预防 9
4.2 肝性脑病的防范 9
4.3 出血倾向的应对措施 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
肝硬化腹水是临床常见的严重并发症，严重影响患者的生活质量及预后。本研究旨在探讨系统化护理干预对肝硬化腹水患者的整体疗效及并发症预防效果。选取某三甲医院2019年1月至2022年1月收治的120例肝硬化腹水患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各60例，对照组给予常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施系统化护理干预，包括病情监测、饮食指导、心理支持、体位管理、腹水引流护理等多方面内容。研究结果显示，观察组患者腹水消退时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；观察组并发症发生率(13.33%)明显低于对照组(33.33%)，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；观察组患者护理满意度为95.00%，高于对照组的78.33%，差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。该研究创新性地构建了肝硬化腹水患者的系统化护理模式，从多维度提升护理质量，不仅有效促进腹水消退，缩短住院时间，还显著降低并发症发生率，提高患者护理满意度，为临床护理工作提供了新的思路与方法，对改善肝硬化腹水患者的预后具有重要价值。
关键词：肝硬化腹水；系统化护理干预；并发症预防
Abstract
Ascites due to liver cirrhosis is a common and serious complication that significantly affects patients' quality of life and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the overall efficacy and preventive effects of systematic nursing intervention on complications in patients with liver cirrhosis ascites. A total of 120 patients with liver cirrhosis ascites, admitted to a tertiary hospital from January 2019 to January 2022, were selected as research subjects and divided into an observation group and a control group, each comprising 60 cases, using a random number table method. The control group received routine care, while the observation group underwent systematic nursing intervention based on routine care, encompassing multiple aspects such as condition monitoring, dietary guidance, psychological support, position management, and ascites drainage care. The study results indicated that the time for ascites resolution and length of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group (13.33%) was markedly lower than that in the control group (33.33%), showing statistical significance (P0.05). Patient satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was 95.00%, higher than the 78.33% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P0.05). This research innovatively constructed a systematic nursing model for patients with liver cirrhosis ascites, enhancing nursing quality from multiple dimensions. It not only effectively promoted ascites resolution and shortened hospital stays but also significantly reduced the incidence of complications and improved patient satisfaction with nursing care, providing new ideas and methods for clinical nursing work and holding important value for improving the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis ascites.
Keywords：Liver Cirrhosis Ascites；Systematized Nursing Intervention；Complication Prevention
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 肝硬化腹水的病理生理基础 2
1.1 肝硬化的发病机制 2
1.2 腹水形成的原因分析 2
1.3 病理生理对护理的影响 3
第二章 护理评估与病情监测 5
2.1 患者体征的全面评估 5
2.2 实验室检查结果解读 5
2.3 并发症早期预警指标 6
第三章 综合护理干预措施 7
3.1 饮食管理与营养支持 7
3.2 用药指导与副作用预防 7
3.3 心理护理与健康教育 8
第四章 并发症预防及处理策略 9
4.1 感染性并发症预防 9
4.2 肝性脑病的防范 9
4.3 出血倾向的应对措施 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
