摘 要
随着社会变迁与家庭结构转型，离婚率持续上升，子女抚养权判定成为司法实践中的重要课题。本文旨在探讨我国离婚诉讼中子女抚养权判定的法律标准，通过系统梳理现行法律法规、司法解释及相关判例，结合社会学、心理学等多学科视角，分析当前抚养权判定存在的问题与挑战。研究发现，现有法律规定在灵活性和操作性方面存在一定局限，尤其在平衡父母双方权益与保障未成年子女最佳利益之间存在矛盾。通过对全国范围内120个典型案件样本进行实证分析，并借鉴国外先进立法经验，提出应建立以子女最佳利益为核心原则，兼顾父母抚养能力、子女意愿及成长环境等多元因素综合考量的新模式。创新之处在于首次引入儿童发展心理学理论框架，构建科学合理的抚养权评估指标体系，为司法实践提供更具操作性的参考依据，弥补了现有研究在理论深度与应用价值方面的不足，对完善我国相关立法具有重要意义。
关键词：子女抚养权 最佳利益原则 司法实践
Abstract
As societal transformations and changes in family structures have led to a continuous rise in divorce rates, the determination of child custody has become an important issue in judicial practice. This study aims to explore the legal standards for determining child custody in divorce litigation in China by systematically reviewing current laws, judicial interpretations, and relevant case law, while incorporating perspectives from sociology, psychology, and other disciplines to analyze existing problems and challenges in custody determinations. The research finds that existing legal provisions exhibit certain limitations in flexibility and operability, particularly in balancing the rights of both parents with the best interests of minor children. Through empirical analysis of 120 representative cases nationwide and drawing on advanced foreign legislative experiences, it is proposed that a new model should be established, centered on the best interests of the child, taking into account multiple factors such as parental capacity, the child's preferences, and the growth environment. An innovative aspect of this study is the introduction of a theoretical fr amework based on child developmental psychology to construct a scientifically sound and reasonable evaluation index system for custody determinations, providing more operational references for judicial practice. This addresses deficiencies in theoretical depth and practical value in existing research and holds significant importance for improving related legislation in China.
Keyword:Child Custody Best Interest Principle udicial Practice
目 录
引言 1
1子女抚养权判定的法律基础 1
1.1法律原则与基本规定 1
1.2国内外立法比较 2
1.3法律适用中的问题分析 2
2子女最佳利益标准的考量 3
2.1最佳利益原则的内涵 3
2.2影响子女利益的因素 3
2.3实践中的利益衡量方法 4
3抚养权判定的具体因素 4
3.1父母双方的抚养能力 4
3.2子女意愿及其年龄影响 2
3.3家庭环境与社会支持系统 2
4判定程序与司法实践 3
4.1诉讼程序中的证据规则 3
4.2司法裁量权的合理运用 3
4.3典型案例分析与启示 4
结论 4
参考文献 6
致谢 7
随着社会变迁与家庭结构转型，离婚率持续上升，子女抚养权判定成为司法实践中的重要课题。本文旨在探讨我国离婚诉讼中子女抚养权判定的法律标准，通过系统梳理现行法律法规、司法解释及相关判例，结合社会学、心理学等多学科视角，分析当前抚养权判定存在的问题与挑战。研究发现，现有法律规定在灵活性和操作性方面存在一定局限，尤其在平衡父母双方权益与保障未成年子女最佳利益之间存在矛盾。通过对全国范围内120个典型案件样本进行实证分析，并借鉴国外先进立法经验，提出应建立以子女最佳利益为核心原则，兼顾父母抚养能力、子女意愿及成长环境等多元因素综合考量的新模式。创新之处在于首次引入儿童发展心理学理论框架，构建科学合理的抚养权评估指标体系，为司法实践提供更具操作性的参考依据，弥补了现有研究在理论深度与应用价值方面的不足，对完善我国相关立法具有重要意义。
关键词：子女抚养权 最佳利益原则 司法实践
Abstract
As societal transformations and changes in family structures have led to a continuous rise in divorce rates, the determination of child custody has become an important issue in judicial practice. This study aims to explore the legal standards for determining child custody in divorce litigation in China by systematically reviewing current laws, judicial interpretations, and relevant case law, while incorporating perspectives from sociology, psychology, and other disciplines to analyze existing problems and challenges in custody determinations. The research finds that existing legal provisions exhibit certain limitations in flexibility and operability, particularly in balancing the rights of both parents with the best interests of minor children. Through empirical analysis of 120 representative cases nationwide and drawing on advanced foreign legislative experiences, it is proposed that a new model should be established, centered on the best interests of the child, taking into account multiple factors such as parental capacity, the child's preferences, and the growth environment. An innovative aspect of this study is the introduction of a theoretical fr amework based on child developmental psychology to construct a scientifically sound and reasonable evaluation index system for custody determinations, providing more operational references for judicial practice. This addresses deficiencies in theoretical depth and practical value in existing research and holds significant importance for improving related legislation in China.
Keyword:Child Custody Best Interest Principle udicial Practice
目 录
引言 1
1子女抚养权判定的法律基础 1
1.1法律原则与基本规定 1
1.2国内外立法比较 2
1.3法律适用中的问题分析 2
2子女最佳利益标准的考量 3
2.1最佳利益原则的内涵 3
2.2影响子女利益的因素 3
2.3实践中的利益衡量方法 4
3抚养权判定的具体因素 4
3.1父母双方的抚养能力 4
3.2子女意愿及其年龄影响 2
3.3家庭环境与社会支持系统 2
4判定程序与司法实践 3
4.1诉讼程序中的证据规则 3
4.2司法裁量权的合理运用 3
4.3典型案例分析与启示 4
结论 4
参考文献 6
致谢 7
