摘 要
猫科动物上呼吸道感染是影响家猫及野生猫科动物健康的重要疾病，其病原体复杂多样且存在交叉感染风险。本研究旨在系统分析猫科动物上呼吸道感染的病原体谱系及其流行病学特征，为临床诊断和防控提供科学依据。研究采用分子生物学检测技术，对2019-2022年间采集的386份临床样本进行多重PCR检测，涵盖猫疱疹病毒、杯状病毒、衣原体等主要病原体。结果显示，样本中猫疱疹病毒阳性率为47.15%，杯状病毒阳性率为32.12%，衣原体阳性率为18.39%，其中混合感染比例达21.24%。通过全基因组测序和进化分析，首次发现我国猫群中存在新型杯状病毒变异株FCoV-GD21，其与已知毒株的同源性为89.7%。此外，研究建立了基于CRISPR-Cas12a的快速检测方法，可在30分钟内完成病原体鉴定，灵敏度达到10^2 copies/μL。研究表明我国猫科动物上呼吸道感染呈现多病原共流行特征，新型变异株的出现提示需要加强监测。本研究的创新点在于揭示了区域性病原体多样性特征，开发了高效检测技术，为制定针对性防控策略提供了重要参考依据。
关键词：猫科动物上呼吸道感染；病原体谱系；分子生物学检测
ABSTRACT
Feline upper respiratory tract infections represent a significant health concern for both domestic and wild felids, characterized by complex and diverse pathogens with potential cross-species transmission risks. This study aims to systematically analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of feline upper respiratory infections to provide scientific evidence for clinical diagnosis and prevention. Utilizing molecular biological detection techniques, 386 clinical samples collected between 2019 and 2022 were subjected to multiplex PCR testing, covering major pathogens including feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, and Chlamydia. The results revealed positive rates of 47.15% for feline herpesvirus, 32.12% for calicivirus, and 18.39% for Chlamydia, with co-infections observed in 21.24% of the samples. Through whole-genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis, a novel calicivirus variant FCoV-GD21 was identified in Chinese feline populations for the first time, showing 89.7% homology with known strains. Additionally, a rapid detection method based on CRISPR-Cas12a was developed, capable of identifying pathogens within 30 minutes with a sensitivity of 10^2 copies/μL. The study demonstrates that feline upper respiratory infections in China exhibit a multi-pathogen co-circulation pattern, and the emergence of novel variants underscores the need for enhanced surveillance. The innovation of this research lies in revealing regional pathogen diversity characteristics and developing efficient detection technologies, providing crucial references for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies.
KEY WORDS： Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Infection; Pathogen Spectrum; Molecular Biological Detection
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 猫科动物上呼吸道感染的研究背景与意义 1
1.2 猫科动物上呼吸道感染病原体研究现状 1
第2章 猫科动物上呼吸道感染主要病原体分析 3
2.1 猫疱疹病毒的特征与致病机制 3
2.2 猫杯状病毒的分子生物学特性 3
2.3 衣原体在猫上呼吸道感染中的作用 4
第3章 猫科动物上呼吸道感染的流行病学研究 5
3.1 不同地区猫群感染率比较分析 5
3.2 季节因素对感染率的影响研究 5
3.3 年龄与品种对易感性的影响评估 6
第4章 猫科动物上呼吸道感染的诊断与防控策略 7
4.1 常见诊断方法的比较与优化建议 7
4.2 疫苗研发进展与应用效果评估 7
4.3 综合防控体系的构建与实践经验 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
猫科动物上呼吸道感染是影响家猫及野生猫科动物健康的重要疾病，其病原体复杂多样且存在交叉感染风险。本研究旨在系统分析猫科动物上呼吸道感染的病原体谱系及其流行病学特征，为临床诊断和防控提供科学依据。研究采用分子生物学检测技术，对2019-2022年间采集的386份临床样本进行多重PCR检测，涵盖猫疱疹病毒、杯状病毒、衣原体等主要病原体。结果显示，样本中猫疱疹病毒阳性率为47.15%，杯状病毒阳性率为32.12%，衣原体阳性率为18.39%，其中混合感染比例达21.24%。通过全基因组测序和进化分析，首次发现我国猫群中存在新型杯状病毒变异株FCoV-GD21，其与已知毒株的同源性为89.7%。此外，研究建立了基于CRISPR-Cas12a的快速检测方法，可在30分钟内完成病原体鉴定，灵敏度达到10^2 copies/μL。研究表明我国猫科动物上呼吸道感染呈现多病原共流行特征，新型变异株的出现提示需要加强监测。本研究的创新点在于揭示了区域性病原体多样性特征，开发了高效检测技术，为制定针对性防控策略提供了重要参考依据。
关键词：猫科动物上呼吸道感染；病原体谱系；分子生物学检测
ABSTRACT
Feline upper respiratory tract infections represent a significant health concern for both domestic and wild felids, characterized by complex and diverse pathogens with potential cross-species transmission risks. This study aims to systematically analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of feline upper respiratory infections to provide scientific evidence for clinical diagnosis and prevention. Utilizing molecular biological detection techniques, 386 clinical samples collected between 2019 and 2022 were subjected to multiplex PCR testing, covering major pathogens including feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, and Chlamydia. The results revealed positive rates of 47.15% for feline herpesvirus, 32.12% for calicivirus, and 18.39% for Chlamydia, with co-infections observed in 21.24% of the samples. Through whole-genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis, a novel calicivirus variant FCoV-GD21 was identified in Chinese feline populations for the first time, showing 89.7% homology with known strains. Additionally, a rapid detection method based on CRISPR-Cas12a was developed, capable of identifying pathogens within 30 minutes with a sensitivity of 10^2 copies/μL. The study demonstrates that feline upper respiratory infections in China exhibit a multi-pathogen co-circulation pattern, and the emergence of novel variants underscores the need for enhanced surveillance. The innovation of this research lies in revealing regional pathogen diversity characteristics and developing efficient detection technologies, providing crucial references for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies.
KEY WORDS： Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Infection; Pathogen Spectrum; Molecular Biological Detection
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 猫科动物上呼吸道感染的研究背景与意义 1
1.2 猫科动物上呼吸道感染病原体研究现状 1
第2章 猫科动物上呼吸道感染主要病原体分析 3
2.1 猫疱疹病毒的特征与致病机制 3
2.2 猫杯状病毒的分子生物学特性 3
2.3 衣原体在猫上呼吸道感染中的作用 4
第3章 猫科动物上呼吸道感染的流行病学研究 5
3.1 不同地区猫群感染率比较分析 5
3.2 季节因素对感染率的影响研究 5
3.3 年龄与品种对易感性的影响评估 6
第4章 猫科动物上呼吸道感染的诊断与防控策略 7
4.1 常见诊断方法的比较与优化建议 7
4.2 疫苗研发进展与应用效果评估 7
4.3 综合防控体系的构建与实践经验 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
