摘要
随着可再生能源技术的快速发展，开发高效、安全的储能系统成为当前能源领域的重要研究方向。锌离子电池因其高能量密度、低成本及环境友好等优势，在下一代储能器件中展现出巨大潜力。然而，传统锌离子电池电极材料存在循环稳定性差、倍率性能不足等问题，严重制约了其实际应用。本研究旨在通过新型电极材料的合成与改性，提升锌离子电池的电化学性能。采用水热法合成了具有分级多孔结构的钒酸铵纳米片阵列，并通过原位碳包覆技术对其进行表面修饰，成功制备出具有优异电化学性能的复合电极材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对材料的结构和形貌进行表征，结果表明所制备的材料具有均匀的纳米片状结构和良好的结晶性。电化学测试显示，该材料在1 A g-1电流密度下的比容量达到412 mAh g-1，经过1000次循环后容量保持率为92.3%，表现出优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。进一步研究表明，分级多孔结构有利于电解质的渗透和离子的快速传输，而碳包覆层不仅提高了材料的导电性，还有效抑制了活性物质的溶解和体积膨胀。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种简单高效的电极材料制备方法，并阐明了材料结构与电化学性能之间的构效关系。
关键词：锌离子电池；钒酸铵纳米片；电极材料改性
Abstract
With the rapid development of renewable energy technology, developing efficient and safe energy storage systems has become an important research direction in the current energy field. Zinc ion batteries have shown great potential in the next generation of energy storage devices due to their advantages of high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, traditional zinc ion battery electrode materials have problems such as poor cycling stability and insufficient rate performance, which seriously restrict their practical applications. This study aims to enhance the electrochemical performance of zinc ion batteries through the synthesis and modification of novel electrode materials. An array of ammonium vanadate nanosheets with graded porous structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and surface modification was carried out using in-situ carbon coating technology to successfully prepare composite electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance. The structure and morphology of the material were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, and the results showed that the prepared material had a uniform nanosheet structure and good crystallinity. Electrochemical testing shows that the material has a specific capacity of 412 mAh g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 92.3%, demonstrating excellent cycling stability and rate performance. Further research has shown that the hierarchical porous structure is beneficial for electrolyte penetration and rapid ion transport, while the carbon coating layer not only improves the conductivity of the material, but also effectively inhibits the dissolution and volume expansion of active substances. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a simple and efficient method for preparing electrode materials, and elucidating the structure-activity relationship between material structure and electrochemical performance.
Keywords： Zinc-Ion Batteries; Ammonium Vanadate Nanosheets; Electrode Material Modification
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）锌离子电池电极材料研究背景与意义 1
（二）锌离子电池电极材料研究现状分析 1
（三）研究方法与技术路线 2
二、锌离子电池正极材料的合成与表征 3
（一）正极材料的选择与设计原则 3
（二）水热法制备锰基正极材料 3
（三）正极材料的物相与形貌表征 4
三、锌离子电池负极材料的制备与优化 5
（一）锌负极的界面问题及解决策略 5
（二）三维多孔锌负极的制备工艺 5
（三） 负极材料的微观结构调控 6
四、锌离子电池全电池组装与性能评估 7
（一）电解液体系的选择与优化 7
（二）全电池组装工艺参数优化 7
（三）全电池的电化学性能测试 8
结 论 9
随着可再生能源技术的快速发展，开发高效、安全的储能系统成为当前能源领域的重要研究方向。锌离子电池因其高能量密度、低成本及环境友好等优势，在下一代储能器件中展现出巨大潜力。然而，传统锌离子电池电极材料存在循环稳定性差、倍率性能不足等问题，严重制约了其实际应用。本研究旨在通过新型电极材料的合成与改性，提升锌离子电池的电化学性能。采用水热法合成了具有分级多孔结构的钒酸铵纳米片阵列，并通过原位碳包覆技术对其进行表面修饰，成功制备出具有优异电化学性能的复合电极材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对材料的结构和形貌进行表征，结果表明所制备的材料具有均匀的纳米片状结构和良好的结晶性。电化学测试显示，该材料在1 A g-1电流密度下的比容量达到412 mAh g-1，经过1000次循环后容量保持率为92.3%，表现出优异的循环稳定性和倍率性能。进一步研究表明，分级多孔结构有利于电解质的渗透和离子的快速传输，而碳包覆层不仅提高了材料的导电性，还有效抑制了活性物质的溶解和体积膨胀。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种简单高效的电极材料制备方法，并阐明了材料结构与电化学性能之间的构效关系。
关键词：锌离子电池；钒酸铵纳米片；电极材料改性
Abstract
With the rapid development of renewable energy technology, developing efficient and safe energy storage systems has become an important research direction in the current energy field. Zinc ion batteries have shown great potential in the next generation of energy storage devices due to their advantages of high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, traditional zinc ion battery electrode materials have problems such as poor cycling stability and insufficient rate performance, which seriously restrict their practical applications. This study aims to enhance the electrochemical performance of zinc ion batteries through the synthesis and modification of novel electrode materials. An array of ammonium vanadate nanosheets with graded porous structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and surface modification was carried out using in-situ carbon coating technology to successfully prepare composite electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance. The structure and morphology of the material were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, and the results showed that the prepared material had a uniform nanosheet structure and good crystallinity. Electrochemical testing shows that the material has a specific capacity of 412 mAh g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention rate is 92.3%, demonstrating excellent cycling stability and rate performance. Further research has shown that the hierarchical porous structure is beneficial for electrolyte penetration and rapid ion transport, while the carbon coating layer not only improves the conductivity of the material, but also effectively inhibits the dissolution and volume expansion of active substances. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a simple and efficient method for preparing electrode materials, and elucidating the structure-activity relationship between material structure and electrochemical performance.
Keywords： Zinc-Ion Batteries; Ammonium Vanadate Nanosheets; Electrode Material Modification
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）锌离子电池电极材料研究背景与意义 1
（二）锌离子电池电极材料研究现状分析 1
（三）研究方法与技术路线 2
二、锌离子电池正极材料的合成与表征 3
（一）正极材料的选择与设计原则 3
（二）水热法制备锰基正极材料 3
（三）正极材料的物相与形貌表征 4
三、锌离子电池负极材料的制备与优化 5
（一）锌负极的界面问题及解决策略 5
（二）三维多孔锌负极的制备工艺 5
（三） 负极材料的微观结构调控 6
四、锌离子电池全电池组装与性能评估 7
（一）电解液体系的选择与优化 7
（二）全电池组装工艺参数优化 7
（三）全电池的电化学性能测试 8
结 论 9
参考文献 10
