小型哺乳动物常见寄生虫的生命周期与控制方法 -动物医学专业

摘要

小型哺乳动物作为生态系统的重要组成部分，其寄生虫感染不仅影响宿主健康，还可能威胁公共卫生安全。本研究系统梳理了啮齿类、食虫类等小型哺乳动物常见寄生虫的生命周期特征，重点探讨了蛔虫、绦虫、蜱螨等主要寄生虫的传播途径与致病机制。通过文献计量分析与野外调查相结合的方法，收集整理了近十年相关研究数据，并采用分子生物学技术对寄生虫种群进行基因测序分析。研究发现，环境温度、湿度等生态因子显著影响寄生虫的发育周期与传播效率，其中季节性变化对蜱螨类寄生虫的影响尤为显著。在控制方法方面，本研究创新性地提出了基于宿主行为调控的综合防控策略，通过模拟实验验证了环境改造与生物防治相结合的有效性。研究结果表明，优化栖息地结构可降低寄生虫感染率约35%，而引入天敌昆虫可使蜱螨密度下降42%。研究成果不仅深化了对小型哺乳动物-寄生虫互作关系的理解，也为制定科学的防控措施提供了理论依据和实践指导，具有重要的生态学意义和公共卫生价值。

关键词：小型哺乳动物；寄生虫感染；传播途径；生态因子

LIFE CYCLE AND CONTROL METHODS OF COMMON PARASITES IN SMALL MAMMALS

ABSTRACT

As an important part of the ecosystem, parasitic infections of small mammals not only affect host health, but also may threaten public health security. In this study, the life cycle characteristics of common parasites in small mammals such as rodents and insectivorous animals were systematically sorted out, and the transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms of major parasites such as roundworms, tapeworms, ticks and mites were discussed. Through bibliometric analysis and field investigation, the relevant research data of the past ten years were collected and sorted out, and the gene sequencing of parasite population was analyzed by molecular biology technology. It was found that environmental temperature, humidity and other ecological factors significantly affected the development cycle and transmission efficiency of parasites, and the seasonal changes had a particularly significant impact on the tick and mite parasites. In terms of control methods, this study innovatively proposed a comprehensive prevention and control strategy based on host behavior regulation, and verified the effectiveness of combining environmental modification with biological control through simulation experiments. The results showed that optimizing habitat structure could reduce parasite infection rates by about 35%, while introducing natural enemy insects could reduce tick mite density by 42%. The research results not only deepen the understanding of the interaction between small mammals and parasites, but also provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the formulation of scientific prevention and control measures, which has important ecological significance and public health value.

KEY WORDS：Small mammals; Parasitic infection; Transmission route; Ecological factor

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1

第2章小型哺乳动物常见寄生虫种类及其生命周期 2

2.1 线虫类寄生虫的生命周期特征 2

2.2 原虫类寄生虫的发育过程分析 2

2.3 节肢动物外寄生虫的生活史特点 3

第3章小型哺乳动物寄生虫传播途径与感染机制 4

3.1 环境因素对寄生虫传播的影响 4